V. During the plague at Milan, 1576, he threw him- self int.. the danger, giving service in every form to the bodies and si. ids of the dying, at. the peril of his life. He died tfov.3,1584. On the whole, his life is singularly remarkable for purity in the midst of a cor- rupt and degraded ( Ihurch. His talents, proper! v, and
life were entirely consecrated to the service of Chris • tianity through the Church, whose interests were al- ways to him more sacred than any earthly considera- tions. In 1610 he was canonized by Paul V. His works were published at Milan in 1747 by Jos. Ant. Saxius, containing his Instructions to Confessors, his Sermons, and the Acta Ecclesice Mediolanensis (5 vols, fol.). The latter work was originally printed at Milan in 1599 (2 vols. fol.). In 1758 there was published at Augsburg, in two vols, fol., an edition of the Homilies, Discourses, and Sermons, together with the Nodes Vati- cance, notes by Saxius, and a Life, translated into Latin from the Italian of Giussano. His life has been sev- eral times written : see Godeau, Vie de C. Borromeo (Paris, 17-18, 2 vols. 12mo) ; Touron, Vie de St. Charles Borromee (Paris, 1761, 3 vols. 12mo) ; Sailer, Der heil. Karl Borromeo (Augsb. 1823) ; Giussano, Leben dzs heil. Borromeo (Augsb. 1836, 3 vols.) ; Dieringer, Der heilige Carl Borromaeus (Cologne, 1846). — Biog. Univ. v, 197; Butler, Lives of Sai?ils, x, 366 ; Landon, Eccl. Diction- arii, s. v.
In Germany an Association of St. Borromeo was founded in 1846 for promoting the circulation of Ro- man Catholic books. It counted, in 1857, 697 branch associations, and its receipts amounted to 51,000 tha- lers.
Borromeo, Federico, cousin of Cardinal Borro- meo, was born at Milan in 1564. " He resided first at Bologna and then at Pavia, and afterward went to Rome, where he was made a cardinal in 1587. He was both a classical and Oriental scholar, and was intimate at Rome with Baronio, Bellarmine, and the pious philanthropist Filippo Neri. In 1595 he was made archbishop of Milan, where he adopted the views of his cousin and predecessor St. Charles, and enforced his regulations concerning discipline with great suc- cess. He used to visit by turns all the districts, how- ever remote and obscure, in his diocese, and his zeal- ous labors have been recently eloquently eulogized by Manzoni in his 'Promessi Sposi.' He was the found- er of the Ambrosian Library, on which he spent very large sums ; and he employed various learned men, who went about several parts of Europe and the East for the purpose of collecting manuscripts. About 9000 manuscripts were thus collected. Cardinal Bor- romeo established a printing-press, annexed to the li- brary, and appointed several learned professors to ex- amine and make known to the world these literary treasures. He also established several academies, schools, and charitable foundations. His philanthro- pe, charity, and energy of mind were exhibited espe- cially on the occasion of the famine which afflicted Mi- lan in 1627-28, and also during the great plague of 16o0. He died September 22,1631."— English Cyclo- pedia, s. v.
Borromeo, Society of St. See Borromeo.
Borrowing. On the general subject, as a matter of law or precept, see Loan.
In Exod. xii, 35, we are told that the Israelites, when on the point of their departure from Egypt, " borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment;" and it is added that "the Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that the)' lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians." This was in pursuance of a divine command which had been given to them through Moses (Exod. iii, 22 ; xi, 2). This has sug- gested a difficult}', seeing that the Israelites had cer- tainly no intention to return to Egypt, or to restore the valuables which thejr thus obtained from their Egyp- tian "neighbors." (See Justi, Ueb. die den JEgyptien von den Israeli fen In i Hirer Abreise ahgeforderten Gerathe, Frfct. a. M. 1777 : Danville Rev. Sept. 1864 ; Ev. Quar. Rev. [Gettysb.] Jan. 1865.) It is admitted that the gen- eral acceptation of the word here (but not usually else- where) rendered borrow (^NC, shaal"), is to request or
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