Bowl is given in the Authorized Version as the rendering of several Heb. words, the distinction be- | tween which is not very clear, and which arc often translated by words expressive of different forms. Compare Basin. It most frequently occurs in con- nection with the golden candlestick of the tabernacle, the sockets for the separate lamps of which are designa- ted by V^Zl' {jgehi'a^ a cvp, Exod. xxv, 31, 33, 31 ; xxxvii, 17, 19,20; elsewhere a drinking-" cup," Gen. xliv, 2, 12, 16, 17; or wine-" pot," Jer. xxxv, 5), taken by some to mean ornaments in the shape of the calix of a flower, a sense confirmed by the usage of the term in the cognate languages, and by its expressed resem- blance to an almond blossom (in the passage last cited). The words bj and i~&a (got and guttah'), used by the prophet Zechariah (iv, 2, 3) in his vision of the caudle-
BOWL
866
BOWYER
6tick, signify a central reservoir for oil, from which pipes lead to each lamp. The other terms thus ren- dered are mostly vessels used in the services of the altar; these are, PTfcjMB (menakMyolh' , used for liba- tions, Exod. xxv, 29 ; xxxvii, 16 ; Num. iv, 7 ; Jer. lii, 19), together with p"}lV (mizrak') and Cjp (saph),both used for sprinkling the sacrificial blood, these latter terms being elsewhere usually rendered "bason." The only remaining word thus translated is bpp (se'phel, Judg. vi, 38, a low flat "dish," as it is rendered in v, 25). See Cup; Dish, etc.
Bowls, we may suppose, in the most early times, were made of wood, and of the shells of the larger kinds of nuts, as they are among uncivilized tribes at this day. The art of working in metal was practised by the Hebrews at an early period ; this art they learned of the Egyptians during their residence among them. The. "bowls of pure gold" (Exod. xxv, 29) for the service of the sanctuary were most probably vases of elegant workmanship, similar to those we find de- picted on the Egyptian monuments. The Egyptian vases were exceedingly elegant, and of various forms
Ancient Egyptian Bowls and Vase.-'.
(see "Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt, abridgm. i, 147-158). See Bottle. The favorite form of the Egj'ptian bowl was the lotus, while that of the Hebrews resembled a lily (Num. vii, 13 ; 1 Kings x, 21 ; Judg. v, 25). Bowls would probably be used at meals for liquids, or broth, or pottage (2 Kings iv, 40). Modern Arabs are content with a few wooden bowls. In the British Museum are deposited several terra-cotta bowls with Chaldaean inscriptions of a superstitious character, ex- pressing charms against sickness and evil spirits, which may possibly explain the "divining-cup" of Joseph (Gen. xliv, 5). The bowl was filled with some liquid and drunk off as a charm against evil. See a case of Tippoo Sahib drinking water out of a black stone as a charm against misfortune (Gleig, Life of Munro, 218). One of the British Museum bowls still retains the stain of a liquid. These bowls, however, are thought by Mr. Birch not to be very ancient (Birch, Anc. Pottery, i, 154; comp. Shaw, Trav. p. 231) A modern traveller informs us that the bowls and dishes of the modern Arabs are of wood ; those of their emirs are not unfrequently of copper, very neatly tinned At a collation given by the grand emir of the Arabs whom he visited, there were large painted basins and bowls of wood placed before him; their being painted was. without doubt, a mark of honor to distinguish them from the ordinary wooden bowls. The "lordly dish'' mentioned in Judg. v, 25 was probably some- thing of this kind. Similar dishes of the most elegant construction, in bronze, have lately been discovered in tlic Assyrian ruins at Nimroud (Layard's 2d Expedi- tion, p. 181 sq.). There are also curious relics of this kind found at Babylon, containing Hebrew inscriptions thai Beem to date them at the time of the Talmudists (///.]>. 518 Bq.). See Yi bsel.
Ancient Lartliciiwaro r.nwls, cnntainiiu; Jcwii-h Inscriptions. I rom the lUiins uf Babylon.
Bowles, "William Lisle, M.A., poet and preach, er, was born at King's Sutton 1762, aim educated at "Winchester, whence, in 1781, he was elected a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford. He became vicar of Chick- lade 1792, rector of Dumbleton 1797, vicar of Brem- hill and prebendary of Salisbury 1804, canon residen- tiary 1828. He died 1850. His sonnets are among the best in the English language ; and he is of note in the history of English literature as the harbinger of the "natural" school of poetry, as opposed to the artificial school of Pope and Dryden. His " Sonnets" have ap- peared in many editions. The "Missionary" is per- haps the best of his longer poems. He published also Ten Plain Parochial Sermons (8vo, 1814) : — Paulus pa~ rochialis ; or, a plain View of the Objects of St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans (Bath, 1826, 12mo) :— The Life of Bishop Ken.
Bowman 0"uTp •"!'?"\ a caster of the bow, archer, Jer. iv, 29), Bow-shot (ncp. ^OBa), drawers of the bow, archers, Gen. xxi, 16). See Bow.
Bowman, Samuel, assistant bishop of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church of the diocese of Pennsyl- vania, was born at "Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, on May 21, 1800. He at first studied law, but by the sudden death of his father was led to prepare for the ministry. He was ordained deacon August 25, 1823, and soon afterward took charge of two country church- es in Lancaster county. In 1824 he was ordained priest. In 1825 he accepted a call to Easton, but soon returned to his old charge in Lancaster coun- ty. In 1827 he accepted a call to the associate rector- ship of St. James's Church, Lancaster, a charge which he continued to hold for 34 years, and which was term- inated only by his death. Some years afterward he received the honorary degree of doctor of divinity from Geneva College, New York. In 1847 Dr. Bow man was elected bishop of Indiana, but declined the office. He was afterward strongly urged to consent to be a can- didate for the office of provisional bishop of New York, but positively refused to allow his name to be used. He was greatly attached to his church in Lancaster, which by untiring energy he made one of the most flourishing parishes in the diocese of Pennsylvania. He established, in particular, an orphan asylum, pa- rochial schools, a church home, and a free church. In 1858 Dr. Bowman was elected assistant bishop of Pennsylvania. He died suddenly in July, 1861, while en a tour through the western part of the diocese, of a chronic affection of the heart. Bishop Bowman was highly esteemed for purity of life, suavity of manners, and amiability of character. These qualities gave him a great influence in deliberative bodies, and, though he spoke rarety in Conventions, such was the weight of his reputation that his vote was worth more than most men's speeches. In his theological opinions Bishop Bowman was ranked as a moderate High- Churchman. But while in doctrine he never depart- ed from his original position, yet in some points of practice he was disposed of late years to be less rigid than he had been. This appeared in particular in a sermon preached before the Convention of Pennsyl- vania in 1855, and published by request. A few weeks before his death Bishop Bowman published an Ameri- can edition of a short Life of Sargent, the biographer of Henry Martyn,by Bishop Wilberforce, of Oxford. — American Church Review, Jan. 1862, p. 499-521.