The general use of the Septuagint (enlarged by apocryphal additions) produced effects which are plain- ly visible in the history of the O.-T. Canon among the early Christian writers. In proportion as the Esthers were more or less absolutely dependent on that ver- sion for their knowledge of the Old-Testament Scrip- tores, they gradually lost in common practice the sense of the difference between the books of the Hebrew Canon and the Apocrypha. The custom of individuals grew into the custom of the Church ; and the public use of the apocryphal books obliterated in popular re- gard the characteristic marlu of their origin and value, which could only be discovered by the scholar. But the custom of the Church was not fixed in an absolute judgment. The same remark applies to the details of patristic evidence on the contents of the Canon. Their habit must be distinguished from their judgment. 1. From what has been said, it is evident tliat the history of the Cliristian Canon is to be sought, in the first instance, from definite catalogues rather than from isolated quotations. But even this evidence is mcomplete and unsatisfactory. (See the Tables I. and II.) During the first four centuries this Hebrew Canon is the only one which is distinctly recognised, and it is supported by the combined authority of those fathers whose critical judgment is entitled to the great- est weight. The real divergence as to the contents of the Old-Testament Canon is to be traced to Augus- tine, who enumerates the books contained in ''the whole Canon of Scripture," including the Apocrypha, without any special mark of distinction, although it may be reasonably doubted whether he differed inten- tionally from Jerome except in lang^uage (De Doctr, Christ, ii, 8 [18] ; comp. De Ch, xviii, 86; Gaud, i, 88). The enlarged Canon of Augustine, though wholly un- supported by any Greek authority, was adopted at the Council of Carthage (A.D. 897 ?), though with a res* ervation (Can. 47, *' de confirmcmdo isto Canone trant- marina ecdetia conmlaiitr"), and afterward published in the decretals which bear tiie name of Innocent, Dama- sus, and (3elasius (comp. Credner, Zur Getch, d, Kan, p. 161 sq.) ; and it recurs in many later writers. But, nevertheless, a continuous succession of the more learn- ed fathers in the West maintained the distinctive au- ^ority of the Hebrew Canon up to the period of the
' Reformation. In the 6tk oentniy Primasiai (Ommi.
t» Apoe, Iv, Cosin, § 92 ?), in the 7th Gregory the
Great (JToroL six, 21, p. 622), in the 8th Bede (iii
. Apoe, iv ?), in the 9th Aknin (op. Hody, p. 664 ; vH
' see Carm, vi, vii), hi the 10th Radalphns Flav. (/•
: Levii, xiv, Hody, p. 666), in the 12th €>eter of Clugni
' {Ep, e, Petr. Hody, L c), Hugo de S.Victoie(<fc 8^^
6),andJohnofSaUsbu]7(Hody,p.666; Co8in,§180),
in the 18th Hugo Cardmalis (Hody, p. 666), in the 14th
, Nicholas Liranus (Hody, p. 667 ; Cosin, § 146), Wio-
lif (? comp. Hody, p. 668), and Occam (Hody, p. 667;
Cosin, § 147), in the 16th Thomas Anglicus (Cosin,
§ 160), and Thomas de Walden (Id. § 161), in the 16th
Card. Ximenes (Ed, CompL Prmf), Sixtos Seneasis
; (BibUoth. i, 1), and Card. Ci^jetan (Hody, p. 662; Co-
, sin, § 178), repeat with approval the decision of Je-
; rome, and draw a clear line between the canonical and
I apocryphal books (Cosin, Scholcutieal Eittory of the
Canon; Reuss, Die Geteh, d, kaUgen JSekriften N, 7*.,
ed. 2, § 828).
TABLE L— CHRISTIAN CATALOGUES OF THE BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.
ThcUittxtMulioolf lomeli books MM* diqMUd. OTtb* slfM, • todl- Mt« that the book to •xpnmlj nekanod m Htip Smiptmn ; f that it kplMMl oxDfOMlyin • moimmI nak; t that it is OMBtloBwl wf& ^0^. A oUak mans tho ailaoM of th« aathor aa to th« book In qnaatioa.
L ConoiLiAK Cata-
[Laodloene]
A.D.868 Cuthaginian
men
ApoitoUo Canons. .
n. Pbitats Cava-
(a) Greek writere. BieUto..AD.o.l«0
Origen . .e. 168-868
Athanasius
896-873 Cyril of Jerosalem
816-886 SynopeUS.SeripL
[Nioepborl] Sticbo-
meirla
Gregory of Naa.
800-891
e.880 Eplphanius
c803-40d Leontiiu....c.690
Joannei Damaao.
tT60
Nfcephonu Callist
C1880
Cod.Gr.Skieo.X..
(b) Latin writen, Hihuios PicUv.
AD. ft 8T0 Jerome
889-420
Boflnus. 0.880
Augtutine
865-430 CDamasuB]
dnnocentiofl]
CaMiodonM...t570
Isldoms Hiep. .t696
Sacr. Gallic ^^ante\
onfKMlOOO'* I
Cotto. Laod. Om.
lix. Cooc.Gartfaag.iii,
Can. xxxix
txlrU]. Can. Apoet Ixxri
Dxxxv].
Ap. Eusefai H. B,
iv,8<. Aix.Euwb. H. K
▼1,86. Ep, FeM. i, 7<7,
ed. Ben. Oate<A. iT,85.
Qniner^ Zttr Om,
d-iTan. p. 127 iq.
Credner, p. 117 aq.
Carm. ziL 81, ed.
Far. 1840. Amphiloch. ed.
Combef. p. 189L De Mengwie^ p.
les, ed. Fetor. De SeetiM, Act. ii
(GaUaodi, zli,
eSSsq.). DeAdeortkod^iw^
Hody,pi«48.
MootfaoooD, BihL Coi^in. p. 108 sq.
PrdLinPea.Vi.
ProL OaieaL is, p. 547 sq., ed. Migne.
Eappoe, Stfmb, 87 ■q.
De doetr. ChrieL
Credner, trf smk
p.isai
Bp. ad
(Gallandi,
5«). Df/nstitDMLittt
xlv. De Orig. vL 1. Hody, p. 654.
CANON
79
CANON
TABLE XL-QUOTATIONS OP THE APOCRYPHA AS BCRIPTURR BM lo toMkate an doobtfkl •ith«r m to th« nitm«; or m to lh« tharxtor Mrifatd to th* book qaotod.
. OreekwriUn.
CLBfXHSR(»f..
PoueASP....,
Basbabas.
Ibkcstb ,
Clbi. A^.w, .,
HUVOLTTUS*.
Mrtodhtb . . .
'^0*
ad Cor.
VStnmaL t.
14.)
1,5.
tDe Antlah. 40.]
Cmi. HnwM. Gdoo&Nax..
^IFHAXXITS . . .
Tbtduxih.. CmiAM