Cathadral [see Cathedra]. (1.) The church edifice containing the cathedra or bishop's chair, L e, the bishop's church in a diocese, usually the largest and most magnificent church in a diocese. The mod- em use of the term cathedral, as designating the church in which the bishop has his throne, is confined to the Western Church, and is posterior to the tenth century. In the East such churches are called the great church, the episcopal church, or simply the church.
(2.) Cathedral (acijective)— (a) pertadnfaig to a ca- thedral, as " cathedral service ;" (6) ofllciai or anthori- tadve, as the *' cathedral determination of an article."
Catholic (iCCT^oXowJc l>card and 8\oc], oeneral universal), a title given to the Christian Churtjh on account of its being not confined (like the Jewish) to one people, but embracing members out of every na- tion. " As * <*« Church' is (in one of its senses) em- ployed to signify all Christians, who are *memben one of another,' and who compose the body of which Christ is the head, so the title 'catholic,' or 'nniver- sal' is a necessary indication of the use of the word * church' in that sense. The CathoUc Church com- prehends the entire body of tree Christians ; but it is no one community on earth—it has no one visible roler or governor. Any iudividual church may be in- cluded in it, but cannot with propriety be called the Catholic Church" (Eden, s. v.).
1. In the primitive Church, the title " catholic" came hito use at an early period to distmguish the
CATHOLIC
169 CATH. APOSTOLIC CHURCH
Cfaristiaii Church from the Jewish, which was nation- al, while the Christian body was to include all man- kind. At a later period it was used to dlstingnish those who adopted the so-called ** heresies, '* within the Christian Church, from the body of believers who held the true fiuth, and to whom alone, and to whose be- lief; the term ** catholic" was applied. The earliest OSes of the word (e. g. Polycarp [f 166], in an episde preserved in Eusebius, H, E, iv, 15 ; Clemens Alex. [f 220], StromatOf vii) are in the sense of the general diffusion of the Church. It is used in the Apostles* Creed (third century), and after the adoption of the Ni- cene Creed it became a conmion title of the Church (see Pearson, On ike Creed, art ix, note c). Chilling- worth interprets the " Holy Catholic Church'' in the Creed to mean **the right that the Church of Christ, or rather, to speak properly, the Gospel of Christ, hath to be uniTersally believed. And therefore the article may be true, though there were no Christian Church in the world" (ChUlingworth, Workt, fol. p. 196). Pa- danns (A.D. 872), in answer to Sempronian the Nova- tian, who demanded of him why Christians called themselves Catholics, replied, ** Christian is my name, and Catholic my surname ; the one is my title, the other my character or mark of distinction" (citbd by Bin^fasm). Clarke (Sermont [vol. iv, ed. 1730] on the CatkoSc Church^ gives the following meanings of the word : '* The firti and largest sense of the term Catho- lic Church is that which appears to be the most obvi- oas and literal meaning of the w(nds in the text (Heb. zii, 23), * The general assembly and church of the first- bom which are written in heaven ;' that is, the whole nmnber of those who shall finally attain unto salva- tion. Secondfyf The Catholic or Universal Church sig- nifies, in the next place, and indeed more frequently, the Chiistiaa Church only — the Christian Church, as distinguished ftt>m that of the Jews and patriarchs of old ; the Church of Christ spread universally from our Saviour's days over all the wwld, in contradistinction to the Jewish Church, which was particularly confined to one nation or people. J%irdly, The Catholic Church signifies very fk^uently, in a still more particular and restrained sen^e, that part of the Universal Church of Christ which in the present age is now living upon earth, as distinguished ftom those which have been before and shall come after. Fourthly and kutfyj The term Catholic Church signifies, in the last place, and most frequently of all, that part of the Universal Church of Clirist which in the present generation is visible upon earth, in an outward profession of the be- lief of the gospels, and in a visible external commu- nion of the Word and sacraments." Pearson (Ejpo^ iitim oftke Aposties' Creed, art. ix) explains the cath- olicity of the Church as consisting, generally, in ** uni- versality, as embracing all sorts of persons, as to be disseminated through all nations, as comprehending all ages, as containing all necessary and saving truths, as obliging all men to all kiods of obedience, as curing sH diseases, and planting all graces in the souls of men."
2. The Boman Church arrogantiy claims the name Catholic as exclusively her own, and designates all who do not belong to her communion as heretics and schismatics. It is bad enough in the Church of Rome to make this claim of the title *' Catholic ;" it is still ▼one for Protestants to concede it. The result of this coDcession, in meet Protestant countries, is that com- inon people hav^ really no conception of the true use of the word CathoUc. The words " Papist," " Papal," " Romanist," are all properly applicable to the Church of Rome, and imply no offensive meaning, as they are all legitimately derived. At all events, the word "Roman" should always be prefixed to "Catholic," tf the Istter term be used as part of the title of the Church of Rome. "There is a strange enchantment in words, which, befaig (although with no great color of reason) assumed, do worhon the fancies of men, es-