Chemnitz (properly voir KxMifirz), Martin, an eminent German theologian, was bom at Treuenbrit^ sen, in Brandenburg, Nov. 9, 1522. His parents de- signed him for an artisan, but he took kindly to no trade, and a distant relative (Niemann) called him to Magdeburg (1589), where he spent three years prepar- ing for the University. He was compelled by want of money to become a teacher at Elalbe in 1542, and at Wrietzen in 1544 ; studied mathematics and astrol- ogy at Wittenberg in 1545-47; was made rector at Kdnigsberg, Prussia, in 1548, and two years afterwards became librarian of duke Albrecht. He now turned his attention to theology, and became a thorough stu- dent of the Bible and ^e fathers. In the controversy on the doctrine of justification he took part against Osiander ; but the controversy so annoyed him that, in 1552, much against the wUl of the duke, he left Kdnigsberg. He immediately after began the scien- tific study of dogmatics at Wittenberg, attaching him- self closely to Melancthon, and lecturing in the Uni- versity. He became preacher at Brunswick in 1554, and also delivered lectures there on theology, which gained great celebrity, and were published after his death by Polykarp Lyser (Frankf^irt, 1591, 8 vols. 8vo, and often). His work, entitled Tkeohgia Jetuitarttm praxipua ccqnta (Greifsw. 1562), involved him in a con- troversy with tiie Roman Catholics, and led to his writing the Exatnen coneUH Tridentini (Greifsw. 1565- 1573, 4 vols. ; Frankf. 1707, foL), which is still a classi- cal work on the subject. After the death of Melancthon he showed himself a zealous Lutheran, and in 1566 be- came associated with M5rlin in the preparation of the Corpus doctriwB Prutenicum, designed as the symbolical text-book of Prussia. In 1567, having become super- intendent of Brunswick, he prepared the Confession of the Church of Lower Saxony. From 1574 he exerted himself, with Jacob Andreft, to induce the churches of Saxony and Suabia to adopt the Formula Concordim (q. v.), in the preparation of which he had token a lead- ing part. He devoted himself almost exclusively to this work, took with Andre& a leading part in all the meetings that were held on the subject, and obtained the admiration of his contemporaries as well by the prudence and firmness of his conduct as by the depth and extent of his knowledge. He resigned his charge in 1585, and died April 8, 1586. Besides the above- named works, he wrote also Hepetitio tanm doctriwe de vera pn^eeniia corporis et sanguinis Domini in cana sacra (Leipzig, 1561) -.—Die /iihmehmsten HauptstUeke der ckristli<*en Lehre (Wolfenb. 1569):— /)« duabus in Ckristo nalwis (Jena, 1570) '.—Harmoma evangeliorum, completed by Leyser and Gerhard (Hamburg, 1704, 8 vols. fbl.). Chemnitz has been pronounced the »* first great theologian produced by the Reformation." Schenkel Qn Herzog, cited below) says that it was
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more from the ft»rce of drcomstancct tiian from hif own theological tendencies tb«t he appeared to be a leader of the Lutheran party." On hia Christology, aee Domer, Pemm of CkriHf div. ii, rol. ii, 198 aq. See alao Lenta, Dr. Martin KemmiU (Gotha, 1866); Hachfeld, M. ChemmUz (Leipz. 1867).
Che'^moah (Heb. Kemotk'^ Q^^S, perh. tMntr^ or [as FOrst prefers] fire-god i Sept Xafjua^X the na- tional deity of the Moabites (Num. xxi, 29 ; Jer. xlviii, 7, 18, 46). In Jndg. xi, 24 (see Kraft, Chamot a Jtpk- tka derinu, Erlang. 1766), he also appears as the god of the Ammonites, but not of the Amorites (as De Wette states, Arekdol, p. 828). Solomon introduced, and Josiah abolished, the worship of Chemosh at Jeru- salem (1 Kings xi, 7 ; 2 Kings xziii, 18). See Idol- ▲TBT. With regard to the meaning of the name, and the position which Chemosh held in mythology, we have nothing to reoord beyond doubtfU and discord- ant conjectures. Jerome (Comm, in Isa. xv, 2) identi- fies him with BaaUPeor (oomp. Selden, De diit Sjpr, p. 166, 841) ; others with Baal-ZMb, on etymological grounds (Hyde, De rel. vet. Pert. c. 5) ; others, as Ge- senins (Tkeiaur. p. 698), with Mare, or the god of war, on similar grounds ; and others (Beyer ad Selden, p. 828) with Saturn, as the star of ill omen, Chemosh having been wordiipped, according to a Jewish tradi- tion (comp. Pococke, J^secim. p. 807), under the form of a black ston^ ; and Maimonides states that his wor- shippers went bareheaded, and abstained fti>m the use of garments sewn together by the needle (see Calmet, DiteertL ii, 277 sq.). This last identification is fsTored by the connection of the name Chemosh with that of Moloch or Milcom (1 Chron. xi, 7 ; 2 Kings xxiii, 18), and by the sacrifice apparentiy of children to him (see 2 Kings iii, 27). Hackmann, however {Diss, de Che- moscho, Brem. 1780; also in Oelrich*s Oputc, kktor. pkUol. theol. I, i, 19 sq.), makes the name to be equiva- lent to royal ddUf. Jerome (tt<. stip.) notices Dibon as the chief seat of his worship. Eusebius ap^ain {Ono- matt, s. V. 'Apcva, L e. 'Apci^X) names Arid Q fire-god) as the chief deity of Ar-Moab (thence called Areopolis), and in this character he is represented on coins (Eck- hel, Doctr, Num. I, iii, 504). See Saturn.
Chena'^fiiiali (Heb. Kenadnak' n39)2, fem. form of Canaan), the name of two men. Ftkrst (^Hebr, Wdrterb. s. v.) suggests that the prevalence of such names as this, and Tartith and Cuth among the Benja- mites, indicates special connection by intermarriage with the eaiiier race ; the straits to which this tribe was reduced by its civil war (Judg. xxi) may have driven its members to special alliances with their Phoe- nician neighbors.