«. 8. p. 40. On this supposition the conversion might be assigned to A.D. 87, the first visit to A.D. 40, the second to A. D. 44. With this would accord the note of time 2 Cor. xii, 2, according to the ancient date of that epistle, viz. A.D. 54, that year beii% 14 years after the date so assigned to the first visit and the trance (Acts xvii, 17). But there is no need of this conjectural emendation, for the vision of 2 Cor. xii, 2 (which is distinguished from that of Acts xxii, 17, by the fiict that the apostle was forbidden to divulge the revela- tions of the former, whereas he relates what was said to him in the latter) may naturally have happened during the ten years whicli he spent in his native neighborhood (Gal. i, 21 ; comp. 2 Cor. xii, 24, 25).
7. The mention of Gallio (xviii, 12) would ftimish a note of time, were the date of his proconsulate in Achaia on record. We can only conjecture that it was thi^gh the interest of his brother Seneca, who, dis- graced and in exile from 41 to 48, thereafter stood in the highest fovor with Claudius and Agrippina, that Gkllio was presently made consul (suflRect) and then proconsul of Achaia (Plin. H, N, xxxi, 88; comp Senec. Ep. 105). So the date would be not earlier than 49, and not much later. See Gallio.
8. The decree of Claudius for the expulston of all Jews frt>m Rome (xviii, 2) is mentioned by Suetonius in a well-lcnown passage (Claud. 25), but neither dated nor placed in any discoverable order of time (Dion Cass. Ix, 6, relates to merely restrictive measures tak- en or contemplated in the beg^inning of the reign). If, as is likely, it formed part of a general measure for the expulsion' of the "astrologers" (Chaldai, mathematicij aitrolog%)y its date may be as late as A.D. 52, in which year a severe statute of this nature was enacted (" De mathematicis Italia pellendis factum SC. atrox et irri- tum," Tacit. Awn, xii, 52). But Zonaras (p. 972, ed. Rei- mar),in the summary compiled from Dion Cass., places an expulsion of the astrologers firom Italy immediate- ly after the elevation of Agrippina, A.D. 49, and before the arrival of Caractacus at Rome, A.D. 50 ; and in Tacitus (te. e. 22) we find Agrippina, just after her mar- riage, accusing her rival Lollia of dealings with Chal- deans and Mi^ It is not likely that any general se- vere measure against the Jews would be taken while the younger Agrippa, a special favorite of Claudius, was still at Rome, as he certainly was to the end of 48, when he succeeded his uncle Herod as king of Chalds (Josephus, Jn<. XX, 5, 2; 7, 1 ; War^ ii, 14, 4, wbere for ftrraKatZiKarov we must read IwtaKaiS.y The In- surrectionary movements in Judasa early in A.D. 49 may have been connected with the. decree as cause or efl^Bct (Ant. XX, 5, 8, 4). All these indications point to the year 49, and it is remarkable that that is the year named by Oroeius (Hiet, vii, 6, <* ninth year of Clau- dius"), finom some lost source of intelligence (**ut Jo- sephus tradit^" he says ; but that b a mistake). See Claudius.
9. The year of the recdU ofFeUm and appointment of Festus as his successor (Acts xxiv, 27) is not on rec- ord, and the arrival of Paul at Rome^ in the spring of the following year, has been assigned to every one of the years, firam A.D. 56 to 63 inclusive. The earliest is that c^ven by the ancients, and is advocated by Browne, in Ordo Sachnm^ § 108 sq. But one princi- pal argument there used is not tenable. From the statement of Josephus (Ant. xx, 8, 9), that Felix, on his return to Rome, escaped condemnation upon the charges laid against him before Nero chiefly through the influ- ence of his brother Pallas, whose consideration with that emperor was "just then at its highest" (jiaXurra Si^ T&rt dii Ttftijc ^X*^ Iwlvov), combined with the fiict, related by Tacitus (Ann. xiH, 14, 15), of Pallas's re- moval from his office at the head of the^/Efcttf shortly before the death of Britannicus, who had nearly com- pleted his 14th year, and with the latter part of the statement in Sueton. (Claud. 27), that Britannicus was bom " vigesimo imperii die inque secundo consulatu"
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