Coping (also called capping), a course of stones, either flat or sloping, to throw off the water, especially used in the end walls of Gothic edifices.
COPING (nca, te'phack, a hand^breadih; Sept rd yiioa) occurs in 1 Kings vii, 9, as an architectural term for the corbiU (mutul^ or projecting stones in a wall on which the ends of the timbers are laid. See Corbel.
Coponins (Gnedsed Kwin^vcoc), the first Roman procurator of Judsoa, established by Augustus after the banishment of Archelaus (Josephus, War, ii, 8, 1), A.D. 6. He was of the equestrian order (Josephus, Ant, xviii, 1, 1), and was succeeded by M. Ambivus {ib. 2, 2), A.D. 9. He was probably the same person as Cains Coponius, a pnetor, who, having espoused the cause of Pompey, narrowly escaped execution by the triumvirs (Appian, BeU. Civ. iii, 40), but was after- wards held in great respect (Veil. Pat. ii, 88), and seems to have hdd an office in the imperiid ndnt. — Smith's Dict.o/Ciati. Biog. s. v.
Copleston, Edward, D.D., bishop of Llandaff and dean of St. Paul's, was bom at Offwell, in Devon- shire, of which parish his father was at once the patron and incumbent, Feb. 2, 1776. In 1791 he was elected to a scholarship at Corpus Christi, Oxford ; in 1798 he obtained the chancellor's prize for a Latin poem ; and in 1795 he was elected a fellow of Orid College. In 1797 he was appointed college-tutor, though he had not then taken his degree of M. A. In 1802 he was elected professor of poetry to the University. He published in 1818 the substance of the lectures which he had delivered, under the title of PrcekcHonies Aca- demUxB, a work which gained him a high reputation for elegant Latin composition. In 1814 he was elect- ed provost of Oriel College, and soon afterwards the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by diploma. His ablest work U An Inquiry into the Doctrine qfNe- cetsitg and Predestination^ with Notes and an Appendix on the 17th Article of the Church of England (London, 1821, 8vo). Between the years 1811 and 1822 he con- tributed many articles to the Quarterly Review, In 1826 he was appointed dean of Chester, and in 1827 he succeed^ Dr. Sumner in the bishopric of Llandaff and deanery of St. Paul's. He died Oct. 14, 1849. Dr. Whately published, after Copleston *s death, his IU- maim, with Reminiscences of his Life (8vo). See also W. J. Copleston, Memoirs of E. Oopliston, wifh Selec- tions from his Diary and Correspondence, etc. (London,
1861, 8vo).— JEii^&& CydopckHa, a. ▼. ; Kcrtk Br^ Review, Feb. 1852; Ei^Ush Review, zvi, 243.
Copper (nt^np, necho^sheth [whence also pnpa as an adjective, ^!in3, nathush^, brazen, fern. FtTm nechushah""}; Greek x^*^^^) occurs in the a translation of the Bible only in Esu viii, 37 (''ci vessels d copper, predous as gold," L e. probatjfoj purer kind or more findy wrought than ordiDur)) 1 ing dsewhere inconectly rendfsred ** brass," and (« sionally even "sted" (2 Sam. xxii, 85; Jer.xr,! i. e. hardened so as to take a temper like iron), ^i expression ' bow of steel' (Job xx, 24 ; Psa. xm, should therefore be rendered * bow of coppei^' m the term for steel is ^n^B, or y\mi& bra (aer4 iron). The ancients could hardly have applied coff to these porpoees without poeeeesSng some fa&BS system of alloys, or perhaps some forgotten secret V rendering the metal harder and more elastie that m\ can make it. It has been maintained that tlie crt- ting-tools of the Egyptians, with which theymtkei the granite and porphyry of tbeir monumeats, «« made of bronze, in which copper was a chief isfni- ent. The arguments on this point are found in Wl. kinson (Anc, Eg. iii, 249, etc-X but they are not csodi- sive. There seems to Im no reason why the art of w^ ing iron and excellent steel, which has for sges bea practised in India, may not have been equallv ksm to the Egyptians. The quickness with which inn k- composes will ftilly account for the non-disooTeiy cf any remains of steel or iron implements. Far aiisl7«i of the bronze tools and articles found in Egypt ai Assyria, see Napier (AneimU Workers tn Metal, pu ^ This metal is usually found as pyrites (salplnret d copper and iron), malachite (carb. of copper), or in die state of oxide, and ocoadonally in a native state, pm- dpally in the New World. It was almost ezdnnh used by the andents for common purpoees, for wfaid iD elastic and ductile nature rendercMl it practicallj anSfr ble (see Smith's Diet, qf Class. Anttq. s. t. Aes). It »i question whether in the earliest times iron waskaon^ In India, howerer, its manufiu;ture has beoi pcKtiied ftx}m a very andent date by a process exeeediigiT simple, and possibly a similar one was employed br the andent Egyptians (Napier, «< smp, p. 187). Itee is no certain mention of iron in the Scriptorw; i>^. from the allusion to it as known to Tubal-Ctin (Ge&. iv, 22), some have ventured to doubt whether m tkt place bj'^a means iron (Wilkinson, Ane,Eg,%Vlty The vessels of * fine copper,' mentioned in Ena -m, f» (comp. 1 Esdr. viii, 67, * vases of Otnmtk^ bn«')- were peVhaps similar to those of ' bright hrifl' ia 1 Kings vii, 45 ; Dan. x, 6. They may have Imb <^ ori^halcmn, like the Persian or Indian vases food among the treasures of Darius (Aristot Ik Mir^ AuscuU.). There were two kinds of this metal, m natural (Serv. ad -^Ea. xii, 87), which Pliny (B. M xxxiv, 2, 2) says had long beoi extinct in liia tint bnt which Chaidin alludes to as found in Sumatra tn- der the name calmibac; the other coiijieial (ideotified by some with electrum, ^Xerrpov, whence the mistslra spelling atpichalcum), which Bochart (Bieret, vi, cL 16, p. 871 sq.) considers to be the Hebrew ^^pj, choihmal', a word compounded (be says) of CTO (c«p> per), and Chald. Vthh^ (? gold, Ezek. i, 4, 27 ; vm,?)^ On this substance, see Pausan. t, 12 ; Plia. xniii, i § 28. Gesenins considers the x^'^'^cXifittPov of Bev- i, 15, to be x^Xjc^c \i'trap6c=^'0^T^ ; he diffen fr« Bochart, and argues that it means merdy smootli or polished brass'* (Smith, 8. v.). SeeAjcBEB. ''Uasr of the ancient copper alloys had to stand workjog ^ the hammer ; and their working was such, either i' toughness or hardness, that we cannot at the pre**' day make anything like it" (Napier, mt sup. p. ^' The Mexicans and Peruvians, when first visited by tbe