COUSIN
542
COUSIN
in Syria and Egypt, Mohammedans and Christians hardly deign to greet each other (Uarmer, ii, 35). The public sentiment of those times also released holy per- sons (saints) from the obligation of returning compli- mentary salntations (Lightfbot, p. 787), which, how- ever, they eagerly claimed (Mark xii, 88 ; Lnlce xi, 48 ; xz, 46). The right side was regarded as the place of honor in standing or sitting by the Hebrews from early times (1 Rings ii, 19; Psa. xlv, 10; Matt, xxv, 38; comp. Sneton. Ner. 18 , see Dougtsi Anal, i, 169 sq. ; Wetstein, i, 456, 512 ; Einigk, De manu dextra honored ttore. Lips. 1707). PubUc reverence and homage to- ward monarchs, generals, etc., consisted in shouts (among others, the cry huzza, ^^»^ ^TX^t *' Long live the king !" Barhebr. Ckron, p. 447) of accUmatkm (Jo- sephus, Ant. xi, 8, 5 ; War, vii, 5, 2 ; Ammian. Marc, xxi, 10; PhUo, ii, 522), with music (2 Sam. xvi, 16; 1 Kings i, 39, 40; 2 Kfaogs ix, 18; Judith iii, 8; comp. Herodian, iv, 8, 19) ; also in strewing carpets or gar- ments along the road (comp. ifischyl. Agam, 909 ; Plu- tarch, Cato min. c. 12; Talmud, Cheiuboth, foL Ixvi, 2; as still is practised in Palestine, Robinson, ii, 888), with branches (see Ugolini TTtetctur. xxx) or flowers (2 Kings ix, 13; Matt, xxi, 8; comp. Curtius, v, 1, 20; ix, 10, 25; Herod, vii, 54; ^lian, Var. Hist, ix, 9; Tacitus, EUt. ii, 70 ; Herodian, i, 7, 11 ; iv, 8, 19 ; see Dougtasi AnaUct. iii, 89 ; Paulsen, Regier, de$ MorgisnL p. 229 sq.), and in torchlight entrances at night (2 Mace, iv, 22). Festive escorts in procession (with the priests at the head) were also not unusual (Joeephus, j4ii<. xi, 8, 5 ; xvi, 2, 1 ; see Scbmieder, De solenmUatt. vett. regea im- peratontq, recipiendi, Brig. 1828).— ^Vlner, i, 500. See also Gift; Visit.
Cousin is given (Luke i, 86, 58) by the Anth.Vers. in its vague acceptation as the rendering of trvyytvijCy a blood-relative, or "Uiumon,'* as elsewhere trans- lated. So also in the Apocrypha (1 Esdr. iii, 7 ; iv, 42 ; Tob. vi, 10; 2 Mace, xi, 1, 35).
Cousin,yiCTOB, an eminent philosopher and writ- er, was bom in Paris November 28, 1792, and was ed- ucated at the Lyo6e Charlemagne, where, at sixteen, he gained the grand prise of honor. Soon after he was admitted into the Ecoie Normale^ where he be- came ripiOteur^ or private teacher of Greek literature, and afterwards professor of philosophy. ** In 1811 he attended the lectures of Laromigui^e (q. v.), whose theory was a mixture of Condillac and Descartes, of sensation and spiritualism, and who made it his mis- sion to reconcile the two systems. Cousin was at first fascinated by this theory, and still more by the ele- gant phraseology and lucid exposition of the lecturer. It was very probably at the same period that his great idea first presented itself to his mind, *that each sys- tem is true, but incomplete, and that by collecting all the systems together a complete philosophy would be obtained.' In 1818 and 1814 he attended the courses of philosophical lectures delivered at the Faculty des Lettres by Royer-Collard, whose earnest mind had long distrusted that school of sensation which Locke and Condillac had established in the 18th century, and who had sought refuge from these doubts in the doc- trines of the Scotch system. This doctrine, which in- sisted that there were notions in the mind totally in- dependent of the senses, was ardently embraced by Cousin, who became lecturer at the Faculty des Let- tres, and began his fiunous course of the History of Philosophy December 7, 1815. Having learned to doubt from Royer-Collard, he resolved to examine in turn all the great philosophers, both ancient and mod- em, before he formed his opinions. He became a uni- versal inquirer. He professed to judge without preju- dice each philosopher, and in each he believed he had found a system, and in each system a fragment of troth. As fast as he proceeded in this inquiry he communicated what he had found to the public, some- times in lectures, at other times in books. To enable