(15.) The edition of Lachmann, though small in com- pass, deserves to be especially mentioned. It was pub- lished at Berlm in 1881, 12mo. The editor says that he has nowhere followed his own judgment, but the usage of the Oriental churches. The text of Lachmann has been well received in Crermany, and much impor- tance has been attached to it. From the authori^ it has obtained, it would appear that the Constantinopol- itan text of Scholz is not very favorably regarded.
CRITICISM
572 CROATIA AND SLAVONIA
De Wette, in his Introduction to Oe Bibh, shows a leaning towards the views of Lachmann. Binck coin- cides, on the whole, with the same. The last-named scholar has enlarged the critical apparatos of the New Testament by collating and describing seyend MSS'. (Lucubratio Critka in Acta Apoat. epp. Cath, et Pcndin.^ etc., etc., Basel, 1830, 8to). There is also a large edi- tion by Lachmann (^Novum Teskanentum, Grwoe et La- tine. Carobu Lachmamuu recentuit, PhilippuM Butt- mannus Ph. F. Grcecas lectiomi aucloritates appondt. To- mas prior, Berolini, 1842, dvo ; tomos alter, ib. 1850).
The editions by this critic are by far the most im- portant that have appeared since the days of Gries- bach, and must produce results highly favorable to the advancement of New Testament criticism. The principles on which Lachmann proceeds were ex- pounded in the Theolog. SttttUen, und Kritihen for 1830, p. 817-846, and again in 1835, p. 570 sq. The path which he first pursued in his smaller edition was indi- cated by Bentley, ^o purposed to publish the Greek Testament on similar principles. In order to discover his Oriental text (a text which is substantially the same as the Alexandrian)^ Lachmann makes use of the following authorities : 1. A, B, C, D, as also P, Q, T, Z, in the Gospels, and in the Pauline epistles, H in addition. 2. LcUin interpretations^ viz. in the Gospels the Vercellian, Veronian, Colbertine, Cambridge ; in the Acts the Cambridge and Laudian ; in the Pauline epistles the Clermont, St. Germains, Boemerian ; in the Apocalypse the Primasian. In addition to these, the Vulgate, as edited by Jerome, is everywhere em- ployed. Of the fathers, he consults Iren»us,prigen, Cyprian, Hilary, and Lucifer. The immense mass of later MSS. and fathers is entirely overlooked as use- less. The authorities for the Greek readings are given below the text ; and, when it is considered how few materials are employed, it will readily^ be sup- posed that the various readings noted are not numer- ous. They are, however, most valuable and important. In addition to the Greek text and critical apparatus, the Hieronymian Vulgate is given, in the same form, as nearly as possible, in which it proceeded fh>m Je- rome, with important readings -extracted firom the Ful- densian Codex, firom the same corrected by Victor, bishop of Capua, and from the Laurentian Codex. The great aim of the editor has l>een to exhibit a text in which the most ancient authorities are entirely agreed. "Wherever this cannot be done with certainty, his critical apparatus shows the degree of probability attached to the text as given by him. To the volume is prefixed a preface of 55 pages (a few of them firom Buttmann), in which the learned editor expounds his mode of procedure, and the authorities consulted. Bespecting the opponents of his system, he does not speak in the most courteous or becoming language, nor is his Latinity the purest. Tet the prefiioe is in- structive witlial, and must hejtudied by him who uses Lachmann's text. Were we disposed to follow the text of any one editor abiolutehfj we should follow Lachmann's. But it may be doubted whether he has not confined himself to a range of authorities too cir- oumscribed. By keeping within the/ourth century he has occasionally been compelled to rest upon one or two testimonies. We should therefore like to see more authorities consulted. We are persuaded, however, that this author has entered upon a right path of in- vestigation, which will lead to results both permanent- ly useful and unusually successful. The correctness of these principles, in the main, has been vindicated by the fact that later eminent critics have pursued es- sentially the same path.
(16.) Since the appearance of Lachmann's first edi- tion, another has been publbhed in Germany by Dr. Tischendorf (Leipzig, 1841, 8vo), which requires notice. It exhibits a corrected text, taken fh>m tiie most an- cient and best MSS., with the principal various read- ings, together with the readings of the Elzevir, Knapp,
Schok, and Lachmann editions. Great pshka Is* manifestly been bestowed on the text and the cnssi apparatus subjoined to it. The prolegomena, odd ing of 85 pages, are exceedingly valuable. Tber tns of receiwiorw, with an egpedal refiBTence to Scbolz'f rn- tem ; enumerate the readings peculiar to the third eS- tion of Stephens and that of Mill, to the etfitioei d Matthaei and Griesbach ; and specify the cricicri Ma- terials employed in the elaboration of a paz« tm A careful penisal of the editor's able prefiace^ ae4 s collation of his4ext and critical a^aiatna beneaib x| have convinced us of the great candor, minole M-\ gence, extreme accuracy, and admirable skill by v^i this edition of the Greek Testament is characterised. '.
In 1859, Tischendorf published the seventh tSska. of his Greek Testament (Lpz. 8vo), greatly e&b2;p^| and improved, fh>m the materials whi<^ be hd^ brought to liglh in the interim. A notable additiKi to the latter is the fiimous Sinaitic MS. (q. v.) discov^i ered by him, and lately published, the resolts of the o-j amination of which, together with those of the Coda! Vaticanus recently given by cardinal Mai to tlie p^j lie, are embraced, with other fresh materials;, in Is-; chendorTs eighth edition now in course of pofalkatix (Lpz. 1864, sq. 8vo).