CUTTT-STOOL
620
CYAXAKES
dmdter stack through the fleshy part of his side, with three heavy iron spikes throst through the muscles of his arm, and with a feather inserted into a cut in his forehead. He moves about with great composure, and endures ail these sufferings, hoping for recompense in the Paradise of Moliammed. Add to this, the com- mon accounts of the gashes wliich the Persian devo- tees inflict upon themselves, in the frenzy of their love and grief, during the annual mourning for Hassan and Hossein (see Mrs. Postans, in the Jour. Sac, Lit.j July, 1848, p. 107). The Mexicans and Peruvians offered hu- man sacrifices both at funerals and festivals. The Go- s¥s of India, a class of Brahminical friars, endeavor in some cases to extort alms by gashing their limbs with knives. Among the native negro African tribes also the practice appears to prevail of offering human sacrifices at the death of chiefs. (See Chardin, Vo^f- ages, vi, 482 ; ix, 58, 490 ; Olearius, Travels, p. 287 ; Lane, Mod. Eg. ii, 59 ; Prescott, Madoo, i, 53, 68 ; Peru, i, 86; Elphinstone, Hiti. of India, i, 116; Strabo, xv, 711 et sq. ; Niebuhr, Voyages, ii, 54 ; Livingstone, Travels, p. 818, 588 ; Col. Ch, Chron. No. cxxxi, 179 ; Muratori, Anecd. iv, 99, 100). See Sacrifice.
8. But there is another usage contemplated more re- motely by the prohibition, viz., that of printing marics (trriyfiara), tattooing, to indicate allegiance to a deity, in the same manner as soldiers and slaves bore tat- tooed marks to indicate allegiance or adscription. (See Biedermann, De Charact. corpori impressis, Frib. 1755.) This is evidently alluded to in the Revelation of John (xiii, 16 ; xix, 20 ; xvii, 5), though in a contrary di- rection, by Ezekiel (ix, 4), by Paul (Gal. vi, 17), in the Revelation (vii, 3), and perhaps by Isaiah (xliv, 5) and Zechariah (xiii, 6). Lucian, speiddng of the priests of the Syrian deity, says that they, and, in fact, the As- syrians generally, bear such marks on some part of their body (De Dea Syr, ii, 684). A tradition, men- tioned by Jerome, was current among the Jews, that king Jehoiakim bore on his body marks of this kind which were discovered after his death (Spencer, De Leg. Hebr. II, xx, 410). PhUo, quoted by Spencer, de- scribes the marks of tattooing impressed on those who submitted to the process in their besotted love for idol- worship, as being made by branding (ai^i^p^ xeTvou^- fuvtfi, Philo, de Monarch, i, 819 ; Spencer, p. 416). The Arabs, both men and women, are in the habit of tat- tooing their faces, and other parts of the body, and the members of Brahminical sects in India are distinguish- ed by marks on the forehead, often erroneously sup- posed by Europeans to be marks of caste (Niebuhr, Descr. (fe T^ir. p. 58 ; Voyages, i, 242 ; WeUsted, Ara- bia, ii, 206, 445 ; Olearius, Travels^ p. 299 ; Bphinstone, India, i, 195).— Kitto, s. v. ; Smith, s. v. See Mask (ON THE Person).
CUTTING OFF (from the People). See Ex- communication.
Cutty-Btool, the stool or seat of repentance in the Scotch kirks, placed near the roof and painted black, on which offenders against chastity sit during service, professing repentance and receiving the minister's re- bukes. It is somewhat remarkable that a breach of the seventh commandment should be the only sin sub- jecting the offender in the Scotch Church to this sort of discipline. — Buck, Thecl. Did. s. v.
Cnyler, Cornelius C, D.D., bom at Albany, N. Y., February, 1783; graduated at Union College 1806 ; studied theology under Rev. Drs. Livingston and Bas- sett; licensed 1808 in the Reformed Dutch Church; settled in Poughkeepsie 1808-1838, and fh>m that year until his decease in 1850 was pastor of the Second Presbyteriim Church, Philadelphia. Dr. Cuyler is rep- resented as " an excellent model of diligence, fidelity, and wisdom," a man of strong and well-furnished mind, an earnest and effective preacher, an adept in the management of ecclesiastical business. His min- *«try was characterized by several powerful revivals
of reli^on, in which his wisdom, zeal, and waectmym very conspicuous. His print^ works consist tf j number of occasional sermons, tracts, paznphkjt&, irf cles for periodicals and essays upon, special tiapa,^ g. the subjects of Baptism, the Atonesnent» the Pear of the Ministry, Capital Pumshmeot, Annals, iv, 482.
Cy'^amon (Kva/utfv; Vulgate, Ch^num\ a pisa named only in Juditii vii, 8, as lying in the plain (» Xwv, A. V. "valley") over against (a'trk^^oarri^Juim- lom. If by ** Esdrelom*' we may understand this description answers to the situation of tbe Village Tell KaimSn, on the eastern slopes of Csnd on a conspicuous position overlooking the !?'*«»>*» sa the great plain (Robinson, Later Ret. p. 114; Yas k Velde, Narrative, i, 880). The place was knovs to Eusebius (Ka/i/uuva) and Jerome (CXsMxaa), aed > mentioned by them in the Onomatiicom (s. -r. Caaa. Kafuljv), where they identify it with Cajs osr, the bs- ial-place of Jair the GUeadite (Judg. x, 5>. — Sma^L V. Schultz assumes Cyamon to be identical w^ ui modem Kumieh, south-east of Little Hermon ^Zektdr. d, morg. Ges. ill, 48) ; but Dr. Robinson (vt stq». p. ^' thinks this inconsistent with the trae position (mceer^ ing to his location) of Bethulia (q. v.), and saggesc that ^^Cyamon^^ may be only the Greek resdcro^ (Kvafios) of the Heb. name (blB, poly a bman) cQcn> sponding to the present Fuleh, on the east aide of tl£ plain of Esdraelon, a trace of which appears in the b»> tices of the Crusaders (Wilken, Getck. der Kre^as, 111 ii, 281, 267). But see Jokkbak.