DIODATI
806
DIODORFS
tingnished. The Bnbetance of the whole series is thb (see Eusebias, ffUt. Eccl. bk. viii): The sacred books of the Christians were sought for and burned ; death was the punishment of all who assembled secretly for religious worship ; imprisonment, slavery, and infamy were inflicted on the dignitaries and presidents of the churches ; erery art and method was enjoined for the conversion of the believers, and among those methods were various descriptions of torture, some of them fa- tal. During the preceding ninety years the Church had availed itself of the consent or connivance of the civil government to erect numerous religious edifices, and to purchase some landed property. These build- ings were now demolished, and the property underwent the usual process of confiscation. A more degrading, but less effectual measure attended these : Christians were excluded flrom all public honors and offices, and even removed without the pale of the laws and the protection of justice ; liable to all accusations, and in- viting them by their adversity, they were deprived of every form of legal redress. Such were the penalties contained in those edicts ; and though it be true that in some of the western provinces of the empire, as in Gaul, and perhaps Britain, their asperity was some- what softened by the character and influence of the Cssor Constantius, we are not allowed to believe that their execution even there was generally neglected, and we have too much reason to be assured that it was conducted with very, subservient zeal throughout the rest of the empire. In process of time the sufferings of the Christians were partially alleviated by the vic- tories of Constantine, but they did not finally termi- nate till his accession" (Waddington, Church History^ ch. iv). In the autumn of SOS Dioclesian was taken with an illness which affected him for many months, and in 305 he abdicated in fkvor of Galerius, and re- tired to Salona, in Dalmatia, where he lived quietly and greatly respected until July, S13, when he died. See Eng, Cyclop, s. v. ; Eusebius, Ch. Hitt. bk. viii ; Gibbon, Ded. and Fall of the Roman Empire^ ch. xiii ; Mosheim, Hid, Comment, etc., cent, iii, § 22 ; Lardner, Works^ vii, 615 sq. See Pbbsecutions.
Diodati, Jean (ItaL GiovakkiX an eminent di- vine of the Reformed Church, was bom in Geneva in 1576, of a noble Italian family fh>m Lucca. His prog- ress in learning was so rapid that Beza procured him the professorship of Hebrew in the University of Ge- neva when he was but twenty-one. In 1608 be be- came pastor, or parish minister, and in the following year professor of theology. While travelling in Italy, he became acquainted with father Sarpi and his friend finther Fulgenzio, and there appears to have been some talk and correspondence between them about attempt- ing a religions reform in Italy, but Sarpi's caution and maturer judgment checked the fervor of the other two. Diodati afterwards translated into French and publish- ed at Geneva Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, He was sent by the clergy of Geneva oi several mis- sions, first to the Reformed churches in France, and af- terwards to those of Holland, where he attended the Synod of Dort (1618-19), and he was one of the divines appointed to draw up the acts of that assembly. He published an Italian translation of the Bible in 1607, which, though paraphrastic, is still considered one of the best in that language ; and afterwards a French translation, with brief notes, which was not completed till 1644, and is not very well done. He wrote also AnnotaUones in Biblta (Geneva, 1607, fol.), which were translated into English and published in London in 1648 (8d ed. 1651), and various theological and contro- versial works, among them De FicHtio PonHfidorum Purgatorio (1619); De justa Secetione Re/ormatorum ab Eccletia Romana (1628); De Eedesia (1620); De AnHchristo (1624). Senebier, Histoire Uitiraire de Ge- fi^, gives a catalogue of Diodati*s works. He died at Geneva in 1649. See Hoefor, Now, Biog. Ginirale, ziv, 235, and references there.
Diodati, Domixiico, an Italian 9(Mb a| chsBologist, was bom at Naples 1736, and dsr^ self especially to ecclesiastical studies. Be i tioned here on account of his De CirittoGnah^ exereitoHOf qua ottendihir Gnecam mm BSa^ Itnguam cum Judais omnibus, t9tmip$eadto(inti\ tno, «< apostoHs nativam ac vemaemlaajmm (5fl 1767 ; edited, with a preface, by Dobfab, hoi sm. 8vo). The work seeks to prove thst Ckk the apostles spoke only in Greek, and of the Greek version of the Scriptares. Set ii.j Heal Repository, i^ 814.
Diodoms, bishop of Tarsus, b supposed » been bora at Antioch. After being ordanai] there, and intrusted with the care of its Cbaidi j the banishment of Meletius, its head, thrall a priest's orders, he acted so prudently and coan^ as to maintain orthodoxy in the see. After tk i of Meletius he was ordained bishop of Tusoi,JLDj So great was his fame that be was choeentotabc4 the interests of the Eastern irhnrches at the Cesij Constantinople, A. D. 381. 'Fhe date of hii fa^ 1 accurately known, but it must have beea \xkn 394. None of his works have come down to a e in fragments or extracts, preserved by PtK^v s4 ers. He was highly esteemed by the grett ae£ own and after times, and his writings mnc% coee Theodore of Mopsuestia, who was an advocie ^! torianism, was his pupU, and the scholar wa to have imbibed his heresy from his master. C^ tom was also one of his pupils. Even the fist orthodoxy of St. Chrysostom could not anil M mer master. The loss of his works is the regretted, as he was the first that began to tfar*! allegory in the interpretation of Scripture, f^ catalogue of his works mentioned by Siuds f^ DiodorJ), most of them appear to have bees ex; tions of Scripture, or controversial tncts; PbtM preserved (Cod, 223, p. 662) much of hii Kgi taken out of a treatise on Fate; and Ebe(Qe«3 man. Bib, Or, tom. iii, p. 39), in his catalogue d) ecclesiastical writers, mentions 60 Yncks of DtJ that the Arians burned, and gives the titles of them. His style was clear and perspicnooi, to the testimony of Photius, and his St Basil (Epist, 167), were close and well snas^ pressed in language of the greatest simphcitT \;. tes. Hist. Ecd. chap, vi ; Theodoret, HisL Eed r See the list of his writings in Fabridus B^ Grctca (ed. Harles), ix, 277-282; also Leo AQ Diatriba de Theodoris, No. Ixvi, apud Ang. Mil; olh. Nov. Patr. vi, 187 ; also given in Migue, P^ GrcRca, xxxiii, 1545-1627, where fk^gments of tb» mentaries of Diodoms on the Pentateuch asd P are given in Greek and I^tin. Semisch (a Hi Real-Encyklopddie, iii, 405) gives an account of t trinal position of Diodoms, which we condeiae lows. Diodoms died not only in the odor rf» but with a high reputation for orthodoxy. Tbt torian controversy, after his death, robbed him 4 reputation. Some of his writings against Apd ism involve the principles of the later N< e. g. the «rpoc roi>c ovvovmaoraQj and the t irtpl Toi} ayiov mnvfutroQ (Phot, BSbL Cod. 1< the former of which there are fragments in 1 Mercator (ed. Bcduze, p. 349 sq.) and Leontioi I tinus (Canisius, Lect. Antiqq. ed. Basnage, I??! Here Diodoms makes t^e Son of God twofoU^Tl Logos of God and the Son of David, of wiMn ter, not the former, was conceived by Msiv tU the Holy Spirit. The mystery of the incarastM sists in the assumption of a perfect humanitr Logos. The relation of the two natures is t dwelling of the Logos in the man Jesus, as his or outward investiture. Through this Son of David is called the Son of God, though the proper and exclusive sense. This view, a