1. jApBKnras.
I. OonB— the dmmerlans oo the north coost of tbe ^ Sea. Their descendants went, 1. A»hkenaz—tai nnknovn people, perhapo IiuIsmb il nia and the Blaok dea.
DIVISION
889
DIVORCE
BiphatM — the inhsMtanfts of the RiphMn MoontainB.
ICaooo — the inbabitentf of the Caacasos and adjacent Boontrtea — Scythiana. Maj>ax — tbe Medea.
Javak — the lonlani or Oreeki. Their desoendanta irere, EUmha — the Helleno, strieUy to called. Tar9hiah — ^Tarteasoa, in the eooth of Spain. Kittim — tbe inhabitants of Cyproi and other Greek isl- ands, with the Macedonians. J[>odcaU'm — the DodonsBi, in Epinu, or perhaps the Rho-
PrrBAi. — the Tibarenl, In Pontns. MBeoKOB — the Moechi (Musooyltes?), in the Mooebian Moontaina, between Iberiaf Armenia, and Colchis. . TiKAft — the Thracians, or perhaps the direllers cm the River TIraa, the Dniester.
8. HAMITI&
lirsH — ^the Ethiopians.' Oesenios thinks that all the na- tlons enumerated in Gen. x, 7, as sprang from Gosh, are to bo aooi^ht in Africa. Their descendants were, . Nimrod — the flnt Ung of Shinar. L e. Babylon and Mes- opotamia, where he foonded Babel, Erech, Calneh, and Accad. . Ssba — Meroe. . HavUah — the Avmlitn, dwelling on the Shias Aralltes,
now Zeila, southward of the straits of Babel-Mandeb. . Scibtah — Sabata, situated on the coast of the Arabian
Guli; not fiir firom the present Arkiho. . Baamah — Rhegma, in the south-east of Arabia, on the Persian Gulf. Descendants or colonies were,
A. Sheba — ^probably a tribe In the northern Arabian des- ert, near the Persian Gulf.
B. Dedan — Daden, an teUnd in the Persian Gulfl (. S<ibUc/tah—ihe Zingitanl, in the eastern parts of Ethio- pia.
MisBAiM — the E^gyptiana. Their desoendanta were,
U Lehabint or .LuMm— the Libyans.
L y€iphiuhim — the inhabitants of the province of Nephtys,
on the Lake of Sirbo, on the borders of E^rpt and Asia. X Pathrusim—ihe inhabitants of the Egyptian canton of
Pathurea (Pathros). S. CofluMm — ^the Golchians. Their descendants or coloniee
were,
A. PMlitHm^ibe FhillsUneB.
B. Caphtorim — ^the Cretans. L PnuT — the Mauretanlans.
\ Camaak — ^the inhabitants of the country so called, flrom Sidon to the south end of the Dead Sea. Their desoend- ants were,
L Sidonian»— on the northern borders of Canaan or FIub- nicia.
2. HethUet or Hi»tU»-^in the eoontry of Hebron, soath of
Jerusalem.
3. JebusiUs — in and aronnd Jerusalem.
4. Amorite—on the east and west side of the Dead Sea.
5. Girptwitea—south-east of the Sea of Galilee.
6. HiviU9—9X the foot of Hermon and AntHibannii
7. ArkUe% — in tbe city of Area, in PhoBnloia.
8. SinUe* — tn the country of Lebanon.
9. Arvaditet on the Phosaidan island of Aradus, and the
oppoaite coast
10. ^fmoriCet— the inhabitants of the Phoenician town of
SUnyra. It ^dtmo^Mtes— the inhabitants of the Syrian town of Epi- phania, on the Orontes.
8. SHEanras. . Blam— the Persians, particularly of the province of Ely-
mais. L AfisnuR— the Assyrians, founders of Nineveh, Behoboth,
Calneh, and Resen. n. AsraAXAi>— the inhaMtants of the northern point of As-
Syria (Ampachitis). A descendant was Salah; from whom came •K6er, progenitor of the Hebrews : and fhun him. A.Faeg^BnA
B. Jokton^ called by the Arabians Kaehtaiu ancestor of the foUowing Arab tribes:
1. Almodad— in Southern Arabia.
2. 5%sfepA— the SeUpenes, in N^d or Tehama, In Southern
Arabia. 8. BoMrmavelK-ibid inhabitants of the Arabian province
ofHhadramaut. 4. Jarah—thB inhabitants of the Mountain of the Moon (Je- _ hel <w Gobb el-Kamar), near Hhadramaut. 0. ttoctomm— probably the Atramitse, on the southern coast
of Arabia. 6. real— the inhabitants of the country of Sanaa, in Sonth-
«"» Arabia. T. D^teA-probably the district of the MhiSBl, In Arabia, a* *:*»— unknown.
in OA^2^**»« ^^^ ^ **>« vicinity of Mecca. 11 il^S*""**** Sabeans, in Southern Arabia, 11. Op«i%-ttie inhabitants of £l-Ophir, in the Arabian prov- 10 ^^"••o'Oman. ^' ^aviIaA..the Chaolotal, dwelling on the PMaian Gult
18. Jobo^—the Jobabites, on the Gulf of Salachitis, between
Hadramaut and Oman, rv. Ltn>->probably the Lydians in Asia Minor. V. AsAJt—the hihabitants of Syria and Mesopotamia. Their descendants were, L ITz— the inhabitants of a district in the north of AiaUa
Deeerta. 9. J7ta.-perhaps the inhabitants of Coelo-Syiia. 8. Oether—anknoiwn.
4. Maah—JOxe inhabitants of a part of the Gordieean Mount- ains (Mons Masius), north of Nlsibla. See Ethkoloot.
Divoroe^ Jkwish (Msin't'nS, herUkiah^ a cuUmg apart, Jer. ill, 8 ; diroardatoVf detertion or separatioii ; both iiBiiAlly rendered ** divorcement;'* the verb ia ©•^J, garash'y to eajpcl, Lev. xxi, 14 ; xxii, 18; Norn. XXX, 9 ; ArroXviiiy to dUtohe' or dismiss, Matt, v, 82), or repudiation (comp. reptK^wm, Sneton. CaHg. 86) of a wife or betrothed woman (see the tract Kiddutkm^ in th# Ttfjshnft, iii, 17 ; and the Gemctra Eierot. Heb. and Lat. in Ugolino, xxx). There is great probabil^ ity that divorces were used among the Hebrews before the law, since Christ says that Moses permitted them by reason only of the hiurdness of their liearts ; that is to say, because they were accustomed to this abuse, and to prevent greater evils. Abraham dismissed Ha^ gar, on account of her insolence, at the request of Sa- rah. We find no instance of a divorce in the books of tbe Old Testament written since Moses, though it is certain that the Hebrews separated from their wives on trifling occasions. Samson's f)Uher-in-law under- stood that, by his absence from her. Ills daughter was divorced, since he gave her to another (Judg. xv, 2). The Levite's wife, who was dishonored at Gibeab, had fbrsaken her husband, and would not have returned had he not gone in pursuit of her (xix, 2, 8). Solo- mon speaks of a libertine woman who had quitted her husband, tbe director of her youth, and had forgotten the covenant of her God (Prov. ii. 16, 17). The proph- et Malachi (ii, 15) commends Abraham for not divorcing Sarah, though barren ; and inveighs against the Jews, who had abandoned * * the wives of their youth. " Bfi- cah also (ii, 9) reproaches them with having " cast out their wives from their pleasant houses, and taken away tbe glory of God from their cluldren forever." — Calmet. As the Hebrews paid a stipulated price for the privilege of marrying (in the shape of dower pres- ents), they seemed to consider it the natural conse- quence of making a payment of that kind that they should be at liberty to exercise a very arbitrary power over their wives, and to renounce or divorce them whenever they chose. This state of things was not equitable as regarded tbe women, and was very often injurious to both parties. Finding himself unable, however, to overrule feelings and practices of very an- cient standing, Moses, in his declaration of the law, merely annexed to the original institution of marriage a very serious admonition to this effect : that it would be less criminal for a man to desert his fiither and mother than, without adequate cause, to desert bis wife (Gen. ii, 24). He also laid a restriction upon the ponrer of the husband so fkr as this, that be would not permit him to reptidiate his wife without giving her a bill of divorce, in which were set forth the date, place, and cause of her repudiation, and a permission was given by it to marry whom she pleased. He ftir- ther enacted that the husband might receive the repu- diated wife back in case she had not in the mean while been married to another person ; but if she had been thus married, she could never afterwards become the wife of her first husband— a law which the fruth due to the second husband clearly required (Deut. xxiv, 1^; Jer. iii, 1 ; Matt i, 19; xix, 8). Ezra and Kebe- miah obliged a great number of the Jews to dismiss the foreign women, whom they had married contrary to the law (Ezra x, 11 ; xii, 19). As Christ has limit- ed the permission of divorce to the single case of adul- tery, he denied the equity of the Mosdc statute; and