In the Roman Catholic Church, the writainA^ matics for a long time after the Reformatko adkni to the scholastic method. Prominent amoig tha were Bellarmin, Canisins, Maldonat, and fiecna Noel (Alexander Natalis, died 1724) mtrodseed a m dogmatic method, more simple, and in maaj ic^ emancipating itself from the clumsiness of scb^ cism. In Germany a number of writers sfipeandic. g. Schwarz, Zimmermann, Brenner, DobmsjcrXIs- ing on the reigning philosophical schoc^ Aaw works aiming merely at a sjrstematic exhibitkarf the doctrines of the Church, tiiose by LiebefoiEa and Perrone (a Boman Jesuit) have acquired ^a» nent reputation. Klee {KathoL Dogmt^ li^t 1835, 8d ed. 1845) paid prominent atteatton to Bi^ and patristic arguments, but neglected the pl^aafh- cal development of doctrines. This featore is wm conspicuous in the manuals of dogmstia by Stssitt- maier {Chriid. DogmaHk, Freiburg, 1814-51, < ^^ Diermger iLekrfmch der kcUk, Dogmatit, 4tk cditia. 1858), and Kuhn. The establishment of a aev tfa» logical school was attempted by Hermes (q. t.^ ^ conceiving doubt as the necessary condition of tr^ sought Uuough doubt to advance to tlie pitiafif tfe Boman Catholic doctrine ; but his system vai c» demned by the Pope. The same fiike happened te & system of GUntber (q. v.), and to most of the wAs rf Frans Baader (q. v.), who was largely andff tk» fluence of ScheUing.
On the history of dogmatics, see Heiaricfc (F**** finer Geackichte der vereehiedeneH Lekrarlok, etcLa^ 1790); Schickedans {Verwck ewer GetA.dtr<^ GlaubemUkre, Brunsw. 1827) ; Hermann (€«*»* der protest, Dogmatik von M^mdUhm (u Sdbiett Cher, Leipz. 1842); and Gass (Getekiekte ^F^^'^ schen Dogmatik «» ihrem Zueatnmenkange mt iffp^ ologie Hberhaitpt, Beriin, 1854-1866, 4 vols.); Fraafc Gesdkichie d. prot. Tlkeologie (Leips. 1862-«&, 2 ^)} Domer, GetchickU der proMatU. Tkeologie, hm^* DeuUchhnd (1867, 8vo). See also Herzog, BaiJ> cyhbpadie, ili, 438; Hagenbach, Eaei^ppi^^^^
DOLCmO
857
DOMINICA PALMARUM
wum Theology (In Nem American CjfdofXBdia, Tiii, I, And onr art. DocTBiNBa, History op.
loloino. See Dulcdosts. tolefal creatures (Q'^n'^> ochim\ prop, shriekt^ ce howling animak; Sept. i^x^* «m>M6, Yolg. dra^ J, dragons) is thought by moBt to be a general le for howUu, or screech-owls, which the prophet licts will occupy the desolate palaces of Babylon i. xiii, 21). See Owl. As the parallelism requures e animal inhabiting ruins and uttering a disconso- cry to be understood, the Rabbins (with Abulwa- anderstand the fnarten, or kind of weasel (comp. eig, in loc.), which has a clear, short, plaintive « (Bechstein, Naturgeach, i, 28). But the owl b « probable, as it is well known for this peculiarity np. gemere, Pliny, x, 16 ; j«m, Virg. -^fin. iv, 462).
OCHIM.
>old8ii8 (AdXc(roc)t a citizen of Gadara of rank wealth, whom the inhabitants slew out of spite to- ds the Romans on surrendering the dty to Vespa- I (Josephns, War, iv, 7, 8).
>ome (Latin domttf, a house). In the early Mid- Ages the word domiu was applied to the house of t, and especially to the cathedral church. In this er sense the derivatives of the word are still used taly and Germany. The word dome is used more erally in architecture to signify the roof to the >le or a part of a building, which roof has a circular Mlygonal base, and whose perpendicular section is irvcd line. Such domes, or curved roofs, are found y early in the history of architecture, especially in uria and Persia. The dome of modem architecture its origin in the Roman adaptation of the Etruscan le. The roof of the Pantheon at Rome is the finest mple existing of the ancient Roman dome. In the santine architecture, a flat dome over the centre of rch edifices, resting upon four arches, and support- below by half or quarter domes, is copied in the kish religious architecture. A modification of the santine into the horse-ehoe dome has been intro- ed largely into the Russian and some other Orien- branches of architecture. In the transition from Byzantine to the Romanesque style of architecture, dome became more of a cupola. In the Gothic ar- »ctnre the dome disappeared. The Baptistery at 1, founded in the 13th century, has a dome for a roof, agh all the ornaments are Gothic. It was during Renaissance, that the modem dome was developed. ! first oife built was in the church of Santo Spirito, Florence. It had a semicircle for its section, and ; single. The dome of the cathedral of Florence a diameter of 189 feet, the same as that of St. Pe- B in Rome, and only three feet less than that of Pantheon at Rome. This dome is considered by te to be more elegant in outline than that of St. er*s, which others consider the most graceful dome r built. Both rest on a cylinder, or drum, and h are double : that is, they have each an interior le, surmounted by an exterior one, rising from the le base, and being more pointed. This exterior is only for its effect on the extemal architecture. !y are both surmounted by a small cupola, called a tern. All later Renaissance domes are built on this leral type. Among the most famous domes are the owing : Pantheon, Rome, 143 feet in diameter ; Ca- dral, Florence, 139 ; St. Peter's, Rome, 189 ; St. So- ft, Constantinople, 116 ; St Paul's, London, 112 ; sqne of Achmet, Constantinople, 92; Church of the alids, Paris, 80; St. Vitalis, Ravenna, 65; St. rk's, Venice, 44. — ^Maigne, Dictionnaire dies engines is Us arts (Paris, 1864) ; Lttbke, GeschkhU der Btw- St; VioUet le Due,' IHcUonnaire de VArchUedure ris).