Catholic;" Augustine said, **No man can have !hri8t for his head who is not a member of his body, tie Church." Neander thinks, therefore, that, had the >anie8 fully understood and recognised the " distino- ion in the idea of the Church as visible and invisible" which Augustine came near to, but did not carry out), hey might have come to an agreement with each ►ther (History of Dogmas, Ryland^s transl., ed. Bohn, , 895). The subject is very well treated from this x>mt of view, but with stronger Independent leanings, J» Punchard, HieUny of ConffreffaHowaUsm, N. Y. 1866, 7o\. i, ch. ii. Litton (an unprelatical Episcopalian) bolds that Donatism *' sprang from a principle true in itself, but pushed beyond the limits of sobriety" (Lit- ton, ne Church of Christ, London, 1861, p. 618). See also Cooper, The FVee Church of AndeiU Christendom (Lond. 1868, p. 860 sq.).
The sources for the historv of Donatism are given by Bt. Schaflf (Hist, of the Christian Church, ii, 860 :— Augustine, works against the Donatists; Optatus Mi- levitanus (about 870), De Sehismate Donatistarum ; Bu Pin, Mcmunenta vet, ad Donatist. hist, pertineatia (Par. 1700) ; Excerpta et Scripta Vetera ad Donatista- rtm Historiam pertinenOa, at the close of the 9th vol. of the Bened. ed. of Augustine's works. The litera- tw^-Valesius, J)e Schismat. Donat, (appended to his
ed.of Eusebhs) J Walch, Historic der Kettereien, etc.,
voL iv ; Neander, Church History (Torrey's, ii, 282 sq.); Roux, De Auffustino adversario Donat. (Lugd. Bat. 1888) ; Ribbeck, Donatus u. AuffUsUnus, oder der erste entscheidende Kampf tewischen SqKurcUismus u, der Kirdke (Elberf. 1868) ; Tillemont, Mimoires (Bruxelles, 1782), vi, 1-98; Arnold, Kirchen.'U.'Ketzerhistoriej bk. i, ch. viii ; and the other works cited above.
Donative, in English ecclesiastical law, is a ben- efice made by the king (or any subject by his license), who founds a church or chapel, and ordains that it shall be m^ely in the gift or disposal of the patron, and vested absolutely hi the clerk by the patron's deed of donation, without presentation, institution, or induction. This is said to have been anciently the only way of conferring ecclesiastical benefices in Eng- land ; the method of institution by the bishop not hav- ing been established beforo the time of archbishop Becket, in the reign of Heniy II. All bishoprics, be- ing of royal foundation, were originally donatives. — Hook, Cfutrch Dictionary, s. v.
Donato, Luigi, an Italian cardinal, waa a native of Venice, and entered the Franciscan order at an early age. He was one of the foundere of the school of the> ology in the University of Bologna, which, in the pa- pal schism of the 14th century, declared for Urban Y I. In 1879 Urban rewarded Donato for this service by causing him to be chosen general of the Franciscan orders. In 1380 he was created cardinal of St. Mark, and in the next year was sent by Urban on a mission to Charles III, king of Naples, for his want of success in which mission the pope arrested him, Jan. 18, 1886. He was charged with oons^acy, along with five other cardinals, and was put to the torture in presence of the pope himselfl He was afterwards decapitated. — Sis- mondi. Hist, des JUpubHques ItaUennes, vii, 241 ; Hoe- fer, Nouv, Bioff, Gsn^ale, xiv, 689.
Donatus of Casao NigrsB. See Donatists.
DonatUB the Great See Donatists.
Donker Curtliis, Hendrick Herman, was bom at Hertogenbosch hi 1778. At the age of sixteen he en- tered the University of Utrecht. He applied himself faithfully to his studies, and did not allow himself to be drawn aside by the political excitements of the time. In theology he enjoyed the privilege of listening to the instructions of the able and learned Heringa, who had but a short time b^re been inducted into the of- fice of professor of theology in that institution. High- ly prizing and faithfully improving this privilege, he reflected honor upon his able and fiuthftd instructor. At the age of twenty-two he entered the ministry, and after spending a year or more in places of less note, he was called to Arnhem, where he continued to labor faithfully to the time of his death, which occurred July 25, 1889. The influence of Donker on the Re- formed Church of Holland was very great. He was a popular and eloquent preacher. His style was per- spicuous, flowing, and vigorous. For twenty years or more he conducted the Godffeleerde Bydrayen, a theo- logical journal of high character. In 1827 his essay on Jesus leer als van God zelven geopenbaard en het ge- zag der rede in zaken van Godsdienst received the gold medal ttom the Hague Society. For many years he was either president or vice-president of the General Synod of the Reformed Church. In regulating the government and discipline of the Church, in advanc- ing theological science, and in elevating the standard of biblical scholarship in reference to candidates for the ministry, he labored zealously and successfhlly.
Donne, John, D.D., dean of St Paul's, was bom in London in 1578. He received the instructions of a private tutor at home until 1584, when he entered Hart College, OxiQird, from whence he went to Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge, in 1587. He took no degree at either university, as his parents had brought him up in the Roman Church, and were unwilling for him to take the necessaiy oaths. At the age of seventeen he com-