died May 18,- 1807. Dr. Douglas was intimate 1 Dr. Johnson, and all the most celebrated of his temporaries. He was an accurate scholar and ic, and exposed Lander in his Milton no Plagiary^
ably attacked Hume in his Criterion of Miracles. b these essays are given in Douglas's Select Works lisbary, 1820, 4to). He also wrote largely against hibald Bower, aimhig to show that he was a liter
and religious impostor, in his Six Letiert to Shel-
(Lond. 1756, 8yo), and in his Botcer and Tillemont spared (London, 1757, 8vo). A new edition of his lerion appeared fh>m the Clarendon Press (1888). t Elliott, DeHneaHon of Romanism (Lond. 1851), p.
; Van Mildert, Boyle Lectures.
Douglass, Thomas Logan, an eminent Methodist iscopal minister of the Virginia Conference, and af- wards of the Tennessee Conference, was bom in reon County, N. C, July 8, 1781, entered the Vhr- lia Conference on trial in 1801, traveled on impor- vt circidts and districts until 1818, was then trans- red to the Tennessee Conference, and died near anklin, Tenn., April 9, 1848. Mr. Douglass was linently useful both as a preacher and presiding el- r, and his influence was very great in the Confer- ees with which he was connected during more than Irty years. His sermons were pregnant with thought, id Ilia appeals were full of pathos. Few preachers his time had such command of their hearers. He IS an excellent disciplinarian, and thoroughly versed the history and economy of Methodism. " His pie- was uniform and deep, his temper sweet," and his i age was bright and blessed. He was several times ected a delegate to the General Conference.— i/tn- es of Conferences, ill, 457 ; Sprague, Annals, vii, 852 ; ommers. Biographical Sketches, p. 108. Dove (F^si*^} yonahf, prob. referring to the sexual armth of that bird; inpi<m^a', both terms occa- onally rendered "pigeon**). There are probably )veral species of doves or pigeons included in the [ebrew name with its Greek equivalent It may ontain all those that inhabit Palestine, exclusive of tie turtle-doves properly so called. See Tubtle-
Bock-dove.
DOYB. In modem systems, the doves are included in the natural fiEunily of Columbida, or pigeon tribe, which comprises the pigeons, doves, and turtles ; but natural- ists are still divided as to the proper plaoe of the fiim- ily, and the limits of the respective subdivisions (see Bochart, Hieroz, ii, 542 sq.). Syria poeaesses several species of pigeon : the Cokimba osimu, or stock-dove ; C. pabmbus, or ring-dove; C domestica, Uvia; the common pigeon in several varieties, such as the Bar- bary, Turkish or Persian carrier, crisp, and shaker. These are still watched ui their flight in the same manner as anciently their number, gyrations, and oth- er manceuvres were observed by soothsayers. The wild species, as well as the turtle-doves, migrate from Palestine to the south, but stock and ring-doves are not long absent. In the wild state, doves generally build their nests in the holes or clefts of the rocks, or in excavated trees, but they are easily taught submis- sion and familiarity with mankind, and, when domes- ticated, build in structures erected for their accommo- dation, called " dove-cotes" (comp. Cant ii, 14 ; Jer. xlviii, 28 ; Isa. Ix, 8). Doves are kept in a domesti- cated state in many parts of the £ast The pigeon* cot is a universal feature in the houses of Upper Egypt. In Persia pigeon-bouses are erected at a di»> tance from the dwellings, for the purpose of collecting the dung as manure. The allusion in Isa. Ix, 8, is to the immense compact masses of these birds that East* em travellers describe, as they are seen flying to theur cotes or places of general resort. They sometimes re- semble a distant heavy cloud, and are so dense as to obscure the rays of the sun. Stanley (JSyr. and Pal. p. 257), speaking of Ascalon as the haunt of the Syrian Venus, says : " Her temple is destroyed, but the sa- cred doves — sacred by immemorial legends on the spot And celebrated there even as late as Eusebius — still fill with their cooings the luxuriant gardens which grow in the sandy hollow within the ruined walls.** See below. The dove has been by some considered (though in an obscure passage) as an early national standard (Psa. Ixviii, 18), being likewise held in pagan Syria and Phoenicia to be an ensign and a divinity, resplendent with silver and gold, and so venerated as to be regarded as holy, and forbidden as an article of food. (See Engel, Kgpros, ii, 184 ; Crenzer, Symbol.
Syrian pink-and-white Carrier-dove, iiud rhoenician sacred Enrign of the Dove.
ii, 70-77.) It is supposed that the dove was placed upon the standards of the Assyrians and Babylonians in honor of Semiramis. This explains the expression in Jer. xxv, 88, "from before Uie fierceness of the dove,** i. e. the Assyrian (comp. Jer. xhri, 16 ; 1, 16). There is, however, no representation of the dove among the sculptures of Nineveh, so that it could hardly have been a common emblem of the nation at the thne when they were executed ; and the word in the above three passages of Jeremiah admits another interpretation (Gesenius, Thesaur, p. 601 a). By the Hebrew law, however (see Mishna, Tom Tdh, i, 8; Baba Bathra, ii, 5 sq. ; Bab4Gamma, vii, 7), doves and turtle-doves were the only birds that could be offered in sacrifice, and they were usually selected for that purpose by the less wealthy (Gen. xv, 9 ; Lev. v, 7 ;