EDIFICE
59
EDOMITE
forts separately'. Instead of the oLjects that chiefly drew the attention of the first believers, they have en- deavored to lix the attention of Christians on a multi- tude of rules respecting the particular conduct of each in his devout exercises, his attendance on ordinances, and the frame of his heart therein. But this is a scheme of religion of mere human device. Nothing can be plainer from the whole tenor of the Acts of the Apos- tles, and their epistles to the chui'ches, than that it is the ^vill of Christ his disciples should unite together, holding fellowship in the institutions of the Gospel ; and also tiuit, as he in his infinite wisdom and grace has made abundant provision for their comfort, estab- lishment, and etlitication, so these blessings can only be eflectually enjoyed in proportion as they obey his •will in tills respect'' (Buck, Theol. Dictionary^ s. v.).
Edifice. See AiicHiTECTUKE; House; Temple; CHUKCir.
Edilthryda or Etheldrida, St., daughter of the Anglo-Saxon (jueen Anne. She made a vow of chastity in her youth, but was afterwards compelled to marrv' earl Tondbert, who, at her request, respect- ed her vow. After his death she desired to retire to the island of Ely, but was eventually obliged to many Egfrid, son of the king of Northumbria. This marriage vvas dissolved, and in G71 she retired to the convent of Coldingham, and afterwards to the island of Ely, where she erected a convent, of which Wilfrid named her abbess. Here she led a life of asceticism until her death in C79. — Herzog, Real-Eiicykl. iii, 648 ; Butler, Lives of iiaints, June 23.
Edinbtirgh, the capital of Scotland, and seat of a bishop of the Scotch Episcopal Church. The diocese of Edinburgh had in 1807 S-i churches, 2 missions, 33 clergymen, and 20 schools. The population of the city was, in 1801, 108,01)8. Edinburgh is also the seat of a L'oman Catholic vicar apostolic, whose district had in 1860 about GO parishes and 70,000 Roman Cath- olics. See Churchman'' s Cahndar fur 1868; Keher, Kirchl Geofjr. i, 103. (A. J. S.)
Editions, PRINTED, of the Original Texts OF THE BiDLE. See Scriptures, Holy ; Criticism,
BiDLICAL.
Edmund I of England, king and martj^r, suc- ceeded in 855, when but fifteen j-ears of age, to his fa- ther Otfa, king of the East Angles. Edminid reigned in meekness, and his whole life was a preparation for marty dom. About 870 the heathen Danes invaded the kingdom, and, after violating the nuns, killing the priests, and laying waste the country, made him a pris- oner. Unwilling to otl'end God liy submitting to the terms of his captors, he was tortured, and finally be- headed (870). In 1122 his anniversary was placed among tlie English holidays, and the kings of England took him for patron. See his Life by Abbo, and an- other l)v John Lydgate. — Herzog, Rtal-Encyklop. iii, 618.
Edmund, St., Edjiund Rich, archbishop of Can- terbury in the thirteenth century, studied at Paris, where he became doctor of theology. Returning to England, he preached for the Crusades with such suc- cess as to command the approval of the Pope. He was consecrated archbishop of Canterbury April 2, 1234. It fell to his lot as prelate to resist the will of the Popp, and also that of the king of England, and he did resist manfully. He died at the monaster}' of Soissy, in France, Nov. 10, 1242. The Ent^lish peo- ple, who admired and loved him, demanded his canon- ization; the pap.-il court at first refused, but finally 3'ielded, and he was canonized by pope Innocent IV in 1249. His Speculum Ecclesire is published in the Blhliotheca Patnim. — Hoefer, Nom. Blog. Gmerale, xv, 600; Hook, Lives of (lie Archhi.^hops of Canterhury (1805, vol. iii) ; Wright, Bioyraphia Literaiia (Anglo- Norman period).
Ed'na ("Eci/n, i. e, nil!;?, j^leasure; Vulg, Anna), the wife of Raguel and mother of Sara, the bride of Tobias (Tob. vii, 2, 8, 14, 10 ; x, 12 ; xi, 1).
E'dom (Heb. Edom, Onx or cinx, so called from his red hair, Gen. xxv, 25, or from the red pottage for which he bartered his birthright, ver. 30; Sept. 'Ecwu'), the later name of Isaac's son, elder twin-brother of Jacob ; more frequently called Esau (q. v.). See also Obed-Euo.m.
Edom (Sept. 'Icov/iaici) stands also collectively for the Edumifes, the posteritj' of Edom or Esau ; and like- wise for their country. See Edomite.
E'domite (Heb. Adomi', ''""IS, Sept. 'Icov^cnoc, fem. plur. T'^^nN, 1 Kings xi, 1, Sept. 'l(}ovi.taia ; but usually C1!S!, Edcnn, put collectively for the Edomites). The name Edom (fully written CTIN, red; see Gese- nius, Ileb. Thescmr. i, 26) was originally the secondary name of Esau (Gen. xxv, 30, comp. ver. 25; xxxvi, 8), but is used ethnographically in the O. T., his de- scendants ("children of Edom," Di'liS! '^,32) being the race who had settled in the south of Palestine, and who at a later period came into conflict with the kin- dred nation of the Israelites (Deut. xxiii, 7 ; Num. XX, 14). Comparatively seldom are the appellations cMkhen of Esau (Deut. ii, 4, S ; 1 Mace, v, 3), house of Esau (Obad. 18), mounl Esau (Obad. 8, 9, 19, 21), or simply Esau (.Fer. xlix, 8, 10; Obad. 6), used in Scrip- ture for the Edomites or Idumrea ; the people and country are oftener called merely Edom (Num. xxiv, 18 ; Josh. XV, 1 ; 2 Sam. viii, 14 ; 1 Kings xi, 14 ; and especially by the prophets), hence, more fullj', land of Edom (Gen. xxxvl, 10, 21; Num. xxxiii, 37), or f eld of Edom (Gen. xxxii, 3; Judg. v, 4). The territory of the Edomites was mountainous (Obad. 8, 9, 19, 21), situated at the southern (Josh, xi, 17 ; xii, 7), i. e. south-ea-stern border of Palestine (Num. xxxiv, S), or more particularly of the trilje of Judah (Josh, xv, 1, 21), in the neighborhood of the Jloabites (Judg. xi, 18; Isa. xi, 14; 2 Kings iii, 8), and was ]n'operlj' call- ed the land or mountain of Seir ("i""',r. Gen. xxvi, 20; xxxii, 4; Josh, xxiv, 2; Ezek. xxxv, 3, 7, 15; comp. Deut. ii, 4, 29). See Seir. Lofty and inter- sected by chasms in the rocks, it formed a natural fast- ness (Jer. xlix, 10 sq. ; Obad. 3 sq.), yet it was by no means unfruitful (Gen. xxvii,39). It contained, among other cities, the famous rock-hewn Sela (2 Kings xiv, 7), and extended from the yElanitic Gulf to the Red Sea (1 Kings ix, 20 ; 2 Chron. viii, 17). Ilenec it admits of no doubt that the cleft and craggv' region traversed by fruitful valleys, now called el-Shira, which stretches from the southern extremity of the Dead Sea to the eastern arm of the Red Sea, and is separated on the west l>y the long sandy plain cl-Ghor from the desert et-Tib (Seetzen, xviii, ;'90, 434; Burckhanlt, Trav. ii, 083), and bounded on the north hy the wady el-Ahsa, which separates it from the land of Moab, near Kcrak, in the district of Jelial, is the ancient land of Edom, as Saadias has long ago perceived, for he renders Seir in Gen. xxxvi, 8 bj' the same Arabic name Shera (comp. Raumer in Berghaus's Annul. d.Erd. u. Vdlkerkunde, i, 502?q.). See Sela ; Tejiax ; Uz; Bozrah. Ac- cording to the division in Greek authors, the territory of 'EAom, Id lima; a (^Icoviiaia. a name evidently derived from the Heb.), was reckoned as a part of Arabia Pe- trffia (see Anthon's Class. Diet. s. v.). Tlie early in- habitants of Jlount Seir, who were called Iloriles, were destroyed bj' the Edomites (Deut. ii, 12, 22), or rather suppl.cnted and absorbed l>y them. See Horite. Al- ready, in the time of Moses, the Edomites showed a hostile feeling towards the Israelites by forbidding them to pass though their territories, and thus subject- ing them to the hardship of journeying around it (Num. XX, 15-21 ; xxi, 4 ; comp. Judg. xi, 17 sq. ; see Heng- stenberg, Pent, ii, 283} ; an act which Saul successfully