5. Son of Phinehas, and associated with the priests and Levites in taking charge of the sacred vessels re- stored to Jerusalem after the Exile (Ezra viii, 33). B.C. 459. He is probably the same with one of those who encompassed the Avails of Jerusalem on their com- pletion (Neh. xii,42). B.C. 440. It docs not appear from these passages, however, that he was necessarily a priest or even a Levite.
6. One of tlie descendants (or citizens) of Parosh, an Israelite (i. e. layman) who renounced the Gentile wife whom lie had married on returning fmm Babylon (Ezra X, 25). B.C. 410. Possililv he is the same with No. 5.
7. The first-named of the "principal men and learn- ed" sent for by Ezj'a to accompany him to Jerusalem (1 Esd. viii. 4.3) ; evidently the Eliezer (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra viii, 10).
8. According to Josephus, the Jewish high-priest,
ELEAZAR
123
ELECT
brother and successor of Simon the Just, and son of Onias I, whose correspondence with Ptolemy Phila- delphus resulted in the Septuagint (q. v.) translation being made {Ant. xii, 2, 5 sq. ; 4, 4). See High-
PKIEST.
9. Surnamed Avarax (1 Mace, ii, 5, Avapdv, or Avpch', and so Josephus, Anf. xii, 6, 1 ; 9, 4. In 1 Mace, vi, 43, the common reading o ^avcipav arises eitiier from the insertion of C by mistake after 0, or from a false division of 'E\iu^apog At'cipcii''), the fourth son of Mattathias, who fell by a noble act of self-de- votion in an engagement with Antiochus Eupator, being crushed to death by the fall of an elephant which he stabbed under the belly in the belief that it bore the king, B.C. 1G4 (1 INIacc. vi, 43 sq. ; Josephus, Ant. xii, 19, 4; IFnr, i, 1, 5; Ambrose, De offic. min. 40). In a former battle with Nicanor, Eleazar was appoint- ed by Judas to read "the holy book" before the at- tack, and the watchword in the fight — " the help of God" — was his own name (2 Mace, viii, 23).
The surname "Avaran" is probably connected with Arab, hanir, '' to pierce an animal behind" (Michac- lis, s. v.). This derivation seems far better than that of Rodiger (Ersch u. Gruber, s. v.) from Arab. Hiava- ran^ "an elephant-hide." In either case the title is derived from his exploit.
10. A distinguished scribe (' E\f a'^apoc • • • twv TTQwrevuvTbii' ypa^xj.iar'twv, 2 !Macc. vi, 18) of great age, who suffered martyrdom during the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes (2 Mace, vi, 18-31). B.C. cir. 1G7. His death was marked bj' singular constancy and heroism, and seems to have produced considerable effect. Later traditions embellished the narrative by representing Eleazar as a priest {De Mace. 5), or even high-priest (Grimm, ad Mace. 1. c). He was also distinguished hj the nolder title of "the proto^martyr of the old covenant," "the foundation of martyrdom" (Chrysost. Horn. 3 in Miicc. init. Comp. Ambrose, De Jacob, ii, 10). For the general credibility of the his- tory comp. Grimm, E^curs. idier 2 Mace, vi, 18-viii, in Ereg. Ilandb. ; also Ewald, Geseh. iv, 341, 532. See Maccabees.
The name Eleazar in 3 Mace, vi appears to have been borrowed from this Antiochian martyr, as be- longing to one weighed down by age and suffering, and j-et "helped by God." — Smith, s. v.
11. The father of Jason, ambassador from Judas Maccabicus to Rome (1 Mace, viii, 18). B.C. 161.
12. Son of Eliud and father of Matthan, which last was the grandfather of Joseph, Christ's reputed father (Matt, i, 15). B.C. cir. 150.
13. A priest mentioned by Josephus as having charge of the Temple treasures, who sought to divert Crassus from pillaging the sanctuary by the largess of a beam of gold {Ant. xiv, 7, 1).
14. A son of Boethus, whom Archelaus put into the high-priesthood in place of his brother Joazar, but soon displaced by Jesus the son of Sie (Josephus, A nt. xvii, 13,1).
15. Son of Ananus (or Ananias), made high-priest in the room of Ishmael (son of Phabi) by Gratus, who deposed him after one j'ear in favor of Simon son of Camithus (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 2, 2). Wliile a youth, his boldness led him, as praefect of the Temple, to ad- vise the Jews to refuse all foreign presents (Josephus, Wui', ii, 17, 2). He liad been seized bj- the Sicarii as a hostage for ten prisoners of their own number {.Int. XX, 9, 3). He was one of the generals chosen by the Jews for Idumasa during the revolt under Cestius ( War, ii, 20, 4).
16. Son of Dinaius, a robber who for man}' j'cars infested the mountains of Samaria, whose troop was at length broken up by Cumanus (Josephus, Anf. xx, G, 1). He was himself captured Ijy stratagem and sent to Rome by Felix {ib. 8, 5). He seems to be the same Avith the notorious rebel commander of JIassada, at whose iustigation the desiderate garrison committed
suicide {War, vii, 8-9; comp. Ant. xx, 1, 1; War, ii 13, 2).
17. A companion of Simon of Gerasa ; sent by the latter to endeavor to persuade the garrison of Herodi- um to capitulate, but indignantly put to death by them (Josephus, War, iv, 9, 5).
18. A young Jew of great valor in the siege of I»Ia- chairus by Bassus ; captured by Eufus, but released by the Romans on condition of the surrender of the fortress (Josephus, War, vii, 6, 4).