E'li (;}X(', for Ileb. '^bx [Psa. xxii, 2], eW , my God, as it is immediately rendered), an exclamation used by our Saviour on the cross, in appeal to his heavenly Father (Matt, xxvii, 46). See Agony. In the par- allel passage (Mark xv, 34) it is written 'EXwt, Eloi (q. v.).
Eli- (■'^X, an old form of the "construct state" of bx, the MUjhttj, i. e. Almighty, the union vowel i be- ing used as in Abi-, Ahi-, etc.) often occurs as the first element of proper names (comp. Elihu, Elijah, and many others here following), as referring to the high- est notion of the Deity among the Shemitic races. As such epithet it is sometimes interchangealde with Baal- (q. v.) (see 2 Sam. v, 16; 1 Chron. xiv, 7), or even Jeiio- (q. v.) (see 2 Kings xxiii, 34). This constructive form is also sometimes interchanged with the abbreviation of the simple bx into "PX (1 Chron. iii, 6; xiv, 5; comp. Exod. vi, 22; Num. iii, 30), or it even exchanges places with the other element of the name, e. g. Eliam (2 Sam. xi, 3) becomes Ammiel (1 Cliron. iii, 5). As in the words beginning with Ahi-, AM-, etc., this element often melts into the other meml)er, not strictly in a genitive sense, but as a sort of liturgical invocation or eulogium of the Deity, as is foimd to 1)0 the case with similar names used as re- ligious formula;, especialh' among tlie ancient Phoeni- cians (see Ei.iianan).
E'liab I usually EWaU] (Hel). Eliah' , tliJ-^X, to whom God is f other ; Sept. 'EXiaj^, Vulg. Eliah), the name of seven men.
1. A lieuV)cnite, son of Pallu or Phallu, whose fam- ily was one of the ]>rincipal iji the tribe, and father or progenitor of Dathan and Abiram, the' leaders in j the revolt against Moses (Num. xxvi, 8, 9 ; xvi, 1, 12 ; i
Deut. xi, C). B.C. post. 1856. Eliab had another son named Nemuel ; and the record of Num. xxvi is in- terrupted expressly to admit a statement regarding his sons.
2. A son of Helen, and phylarch of the tribe of Zeb- ulun at the time of the census in the wilderness of Si- nai (Num. i, y ; ii, 7 ; vii, 24, 29 ; x, 16). B.C. 1657.
3. An ancestor of Samuel (q. v.) the prophet, being a Kohathite Levite, son of Nahath and father of Jero- ham (1 Chron. vi, 27 [12]). B.C. cir. 1250. In the other statements of the genealogy this name appears to be given as Elihu (1 Sam. i, 1) and Eliel (1 Chron. vi, 34 [19]).
4. The eldest son of Jesse and brother of David (1 Sam. xvi, 6; xvii, 13; 1 Chron. ii, 13). It was he that made the contemptuous inquiry, bj' which he sought to screen his own cowardice, when David pro- posed to fight Goliath, "With whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness.''"' (1 Sim. xvii, 28.) B.C. 1063. His daughter Abihail married her second cousin Eehoboam, and bore him three children (2 Chron. xi, 18) ; althpugh, taking into account the length of the reigns of David and Solomon, it is diffi- cult not to suspect that the word "daughter" is here used in the less strict sense of granddaughter or de- scendant. In 1 Chron. xxvii, 18, we find mention of "Elihu, of the brethren of David," as "ruler" (T'53) or "prince" ("i'4?) of the tribe of Judah. Ac- cording to the ancient Hebrew tradition preserved hj Jerome {Quasi. Ilehr. ad loc), this Elihu was identical with J<]liab. "Brethren" is, however^ often used in the sense of kinsman, e. g. 1 Chron. xii, 2. — Smith, s. v.
5. The third of the Gadite heroes who joined David in his stronghold in the wilderness (1 Chron. xii, 9). B.C. 1061.
6. A Levite in the time of David, who was both a "porter" (n^)TI3, shoer, i. e. a door-keeper) and a mu- sician on the "psalterv" (1 Chron. xv, 18, 20; xvi, 5). B.C. 1013.
7. Son of Nathanael, one of the forefathers of Ju- dith, and therefore belonging to the tribe of Simeon (Judith viii, 1).
Eli'ada (Heb. Ehjada', "I'^i^, whom God has knowii), the name of three men.
1. (Sept., in Kings, 'EXiCas, and repeated, Bn«Xi- l^u'iO ; in Chron. 'EX(«()n, v. r. EXiic'a ; Vulg. Elioda, Eliada.) One of David's sons ; according to the list, the youngest but one of the family boru to liim' after his estalilishment in Jerusalem (2 Sam. v, 16 ; 1 Chron. iii, 8). B.C. post 1033. From the latter passage it ap- pears that he was the son of a wife and not of a con- cubine. In 1 Chron. xiv, 7, the name appears in the form of "T^b"3, Beeliada (q. d. whom the Master has hioun; see Simonis, Onomast. p. 460; P"2 being the S3'riac form of ?^*3, Lord). This curious read- ing of the Masoretic text is not, however, indisputa- ble; De Eossi's Cod. 186 {j^rima mumi) reads "T^bx, the Sept. 'EXirttff, and the Peshito EUdaa. On the strength of these authorities, De- Rossi (after Dathius, Lib. Hist. V. T. p. C54) pronounces in favor of assim- ilating this passage to the other two, and refers to the improbal)ilitj' of David's using the names ?X and ?"3 promiscuously (see De Eossi's Var. Jject. V. T. Ilehrai- C(P, iv). We must not, however, in tlie interest of careful criticism, too hastily succumb to arguments of this kind. As to BISS., the four or five which Kennicott adduces all support the text of 1 Chron. xiv, 7; the autliority of the Sept. is neutralized by Codd. Alex, and Erid. Aiirpisi., tlie former of which has BaXX(0("(f, and the latter BaXiy^a:-, evidently cor- roborating the ]\Iasoretic text, as does the Vulg. i?aa^ iadi.. As to the difficulty of David's using a name which contained ?"3 for one of its elements, it is at