On the other hand, there is a large party of Ration- alists in the Church of England whose type of opinion is to be found in the Essays and Reviews (1860), and whose extreme representative is perhaps bishop Co- lenso, of Natal, who has published several volumes of so-called criticisms, in which the inspiration and au- thenticity of the Old Testament are repudiated. No power has been discovered, either in the Church of England or in tlie laws of the land, to deal with the Komanizers on the one hand, or the Rationalists on the other.
IV. Statistics. — The Established Church of Eng- land is divided into two ecclesiastical provinces, Can- terliury and York. Each province has a Convocation (q. V.) consisting of two houses, the upper house em- bracing the archbishop and all the bishops of the prov- inces, and the lower house a number of deans, arch- deacons, and proctors. The bishops of the Churcli in England, in 1868, were as follows : I. Province of Can- i()-li)ir>/. — 1. Canterbuiy (archbishop); 2. London; 3. A\'iii(liester; 4. Exeter; 5. St. David's ; 6. Chichester ; 7. Licliliold ; 8. Oxford ; 9. St. Asaph's ; 10. Hereford ; 11. Llandaff; 12. Lincoln; 13. Bath and Wells; 14. Salisbury; 15. Norwich ; 16. Bangor; 17. Rochester ; 18. Worcester; 19. Gloucester; 20. Ely; 21. Peterbor- ough. II. Province of York. — 1. York (archbishop);
2. Durham ; 3. Manchester ; 4. Ripon ; 5. Carlisle ; 6. Chester ; 7. Sodor and Man (each diocese is treated of in a special article of the Cijclo]i(rdia, where full sta- tistics and the name of the present incumbents are given). The .52 dioceses of Ireland, formerly divided into four provinces) were reduced to 12 b}' the Church- Temporality Act (passed 1833). Armagh has 6 dio- ceses : Armagh, Derrj% Down, Kilmore, Meath, Tuam. DnhUn, 6: Dublin, Cashel, Cloyne, Killaloe, Limerick, Ossory. See Ireland. In connection with the Church of England are also a number of colonial and missionarj- bishops. They were, in 1867, as follows :
1. Europe. — Giln-altar. II. Asia. — 1. Calcutta (metro- politan) ; 2. Bombaj' ; 3. Labuan and Sarawak ; 4. Madras; .5. Colombo; 6. Victoria; 7. Jerusalem. III. Afnca. — 1. Caj)ctown (metropolitan); 2. Mauritius;
3. Gvahamstown ; 4. St. Helena ; 5. Orange River State ; G. Central Africa ; 7. Natal ; 8. Sierra Leone ; 9. Niger region. \\ . Aii.<<tralasia.- — 1. Sydncj' (metropolitan);
2. Adelaide ; 3. Mell)ourne ; 4. Newcastle ; 5. Perth ; B.Brisbane; 7. Goulburn ; 8. Tasmania; 9. New Zea- land (metropolitan) ; 10. Christ Church ; 11. Nelson ; 12. Wellington ; 13. AVaiapu; 14. Dunedin ; 15. Mela- nesia ; 16. Honolulu; 17. Grafton and Arniidale. V. America.- — 1. ]\Iontreal (metropolitan"); 2. Toronto; 3. Newfoundland; 4. Fredcrickton ; 5. Nova Scotia; 6. Huron; 7. Colombia; 8. Quebec; O.Ontario; 10. Ru- pert's Land; 11. New Westminster; 12. Jamaica; 13. Barbadoes ; 14. Antigua; 15. Nassau ; 16. Guiana.
The following is a list of the principal Church Soci- eties, with a l)rief account of their worlc : 1. Society for projno/inr/ the Employment of (uhlitioncd Curatejs in pop- i(/f)7/,s- Places (established in 1837). Tliis society, be- sides making annual grants towards the fiiaintenance of additional clergymen, grants sums, not exceeding
£500 in am" single grant, in aid of endowments. In- come for 1867-68, £32,464. 2. The Church Pastoral Aid Society (1836) aims at providing means for maintaining curates and lay agents in largely peopled districts. Total receipts in the year 1866-67, £47,829 ; in 1867- 68, £61,745. 3. The Incorporates Society for promof- iny the Enlargement, Building, and Repairing of Church- es and Chapels in England and Wales (1818) had, in 1867-68, an income of £8422. This society was incor- porated by act of Parliament in 1828; until 1851 it was supported by a triennial voya\ letter, which pro- duced about £30,000; since then it has been depend- ent on annual subscriptions, donations, church collec- tions, and legacies. 4. The London Diocesan Church Building Society and Metropolis Church F\ind (1854) had, in 1867-08, an income of £45,130. 5. The Church of England Scripture Readers'' Association provides Iry readers of the Scriptures to the poor, under the super- intendence of the parochial clergy. Its income was, in 1867-68, £13,440. 6. The National Association for promoting Ereedom of Worship (1858) has for its object " to promote the restoration of the ancient freedom of parish churches as the true basis of the parochial sys- tem, and the only means of relieving spiritual destitu- tion ; and the scriptural system of weekly offerings as the most excellent way; especially enjoined by the Church of England, of raising monej^ for Church pur- poses, and as a substitute for pew-rents where endow- ments are not ol)tainabIe." 7. Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. This is the oldest societj^ in the country. It supplies Bibles and Prayer-books either gratuitously or far below cost price, issues books and tracts of a "sound Church tone," suitable for schools, lending libraries, workingmen's clubs and reading- rooms, hospitals, workhouses, jails, etc. ; also for the use of soldiers, sailors, and emigrants. The income (independent of sales) for 1866-07 was £28,547; for 1867-68, £29,700. 8. National Society for jnvmoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Estab- lished Church (instituted 1811, incorporated 1817). The operations of this society embrace building school- rooms and teachers' dwelling-houses, maintaining col- leges for the training of teachers, granting money to- wards paying the salr.ries of certificated teachers, etc. The National Society, during the time of its existence, has made grants to the amount of more than £400,000, and this amount has been supplemented by at least £1,200,000 of private contribution for the building cf schools, besides originating the expenditure of an im- mense annual sum for their sustentation. The total number of schools in connection with this society in 1865 was 12,421, in which there were 1,186,515 schol- ars. The total number of scholars in the Sunday- schools was 1,818,476. The number of schoolmasters and mistresses trained in the colleges of the society is about 140 a year, and about 4750 have been sent out during the last twentj'-two yea^s. The income of the society for 1864-65 was £20,267. 9. The Prayer-hook and Homily Society desires to promote the circulation of the " Book of Common Prayer and the Homilies" of the Church, which it has had translated into thirty- three languages. Its income for 1866-67 was £1163; for 1867-68, £1247. 10. The Poor Clergy Relief Society has, since its establishment in 1856, assisted 1165 poor clergymen, and widows and orphans of clergymen, with the sum of £8254. In 1864-65 the income was £2062, and grants were made to 101 applicants. 11. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (incorporated in 1701) is the oldest of all the English, and one of the oldest of all the Protestant missionarj' societies of the world. The societj- aims as much as possible at establishing comjilete churches, with bishops at their head, and which shall ultimately l)ecome altogether independent of the society, wher- ever England has anv territorial j)ossessions. Its in- come in 1866-67 was £91,186; in 1867-68, £114,.546. 12. The Church Missionary Society for Africa and the