2. In most respects this may be described as an ex- purgated edition of Matthew's. There is a table of principal matters, and there are notes ; but the notes are briefer and less polemical. The passages quoted above are, c. g. omitted wholly or in part. The epis- tles follow the same order as before.
VII. Cranmer. — 1. In the same year as Tavern- er's, and coming from the same press, appeared an English Bible, in a more stately folio, printed with a more costlj' type, l)earing a higher name than anj' previous edition. The title-page is an elaliorate en- graving, the spirit and power of whicli indicate the hand of Holbein. The king, seated on his throne, is giving the Verbum Dei to the hishops and doctors, and they distribute it to the people, while doctors and peo- ple ai-e all joining in cries ot'^^Vivat Eex." It declares the book to be " trulj' translated after the verity of the Helirew and Greek texts" by "divers excellent learned men, expert in the foresaid tongues." A pref- ace, in April, 1540, with the initials " T. C," implies tlie arrlibishop's sanction. In a later edition (Nov., 1540) his name appears on the title-page, and the names of his coadjutors are given, Cuthbert (Tonstal), bishop of Durham, and Nicholas (HeatH), bishop of Rochester ; but this does not exclude the possibility of others having been emploj'ed for the first edition.
2. Cranmer's version presents, as might be expect- ed, many points of interest. The prologue gives a more complete ideal of what a translation ought to be than we have as j-et seen. Words not in the original are to be printed in a different tj'pe. They are added, even when '' not wanted by the sense," to satisfy those who have "missed them" in previous translations, i. e. they represent the various readings of the Vulgate ■Hherc it differs from the Hebrew. The sign * indi-
cates diversity in the Chaldee and Hebrew. It had been intended to give all these, but it was found that this would have taken too much time and space, and the editors purposed therefore to print them in a little volume by themselves. The frequent hands (i^T) in the margin, in like manner, show an intention to give notes at the end ; but ]Matthew's Bible liad made men cautious, and, as there had not been time for the "king's council to settle them," they were omitted, and no help given to the reader beyond tlie marginal references. In the absence of notes, the laj'-reader is to submit himself to the "godly-learned in Christ Jesus." There is, as the title-page might lead us to expect, a greater displav of Hebrew than in any previous ver- sion. The books of the Pentateuch have their Hebrew names given, Bereschiih (Genesis), Ff/Ze Srltemolh (Ex- odus), and so on. 1 and 2 Chron. in like manner ap- pear as Dlhre Haiamim. In the edition of 1541, many proper names in the O. T. appear in the fuller Hebrew form, as e. g. Amaziahu, Jeremiahu. In spite of this parade of learning, however, the edition of 3539 con- tains, perhaps, the most startling blunder that ever appeared under the sanction of an archbishcp's name. The editors adopted the preface which, in Matthew's Bible, had been prefixed to the Apocrypha. In that preface the common traditional explanation of the name was concisely given. They appear, however, to have shrunk from offending the conservative part\' in the Church bj' applying to the books in question so damnatory an epithet as Apocrypha. The)' looked out for a word more neutral and respectful, and found one that appeared in some MSS. of Jerome so applied, though in strictness it belonged to an entirely differ- ent set of I'ooks. They accordingly substituted that word, leaving the preface in all other respects as it w as before, and the result is the somewhat ludicrous state- ment that the "books were called Hagicgrapha,^^ be- cause " they were read in secret and apart !"
3. A later edition in 1541 presents a few modifica- tions worth noticing. It appears as "authorized" to be " used and frequented" in every church in the king- dom. The introduction, with all its elaborate prom- ise of a future perfection, disappears, and in its place there is a long preface by Cranmer, avoiding as much as possilile all references to other translations, taking a safe via mtdia tone, blaming those who "refuse to read" on the one hand, and "inordinate reading" rn the other. This neutral character, so characteriftic of Cranmer's policy, was doubtless that which enabled it to keep its ground during the changing moods of Henry's later years. It was reprinted again and again, and was the authorized version of the English Church till 15C8 — the interval of Mary's reign excepted. From it, accordingly, were taken most, if not all, the ]ior- tions of Scripture in the Prayer-books of 1549 and 1552. The Psalms as a whole, the quotations from Scripture in the Homilies, the sentences in the Com- nnmion services, and some phrases elsewhere (such as "worthy fruits of penance"\ still preserve the re- membrance of it. The oscillating character of the ! book is shown in the use of '' love" instead of " chari- ty" in 1 Cor. xiii ; and "congregation" instead of "church" generally, after Tyndale; while in 1 Tim. iv, 14, we have the singular rendering, as if to gain the favor of his opponents, "with authority of priest- hood." The plan of indicating doubtful texts by a smaller type was adliered to, and was ajiplied, among other passages, to Psa. xiv, 5, 6, 7, and the more mem- orable text of 1 John v, 7. The translation of 1 Tim. iii, 1(5, "All Scripture given by inspiration of God is profitalile," etc., anticipated a construction of that text which has sometimes been boasted of, and some- times attacked as an innovation. In this, however, Tyndale had led the wa)'.