2. This the apostle commences hy entreating them to walk worthy of this calling, and to keep the unitj' of the Spirit: there was but one bod}-, one Spirit, one Lord, and one God (iv, 1-G). Each, too, had his por- tion of grace from God (iv, 7-10), who had appointed ministering orders in the Church, until all come to the unity of the faith, and grow up and become united with the living Head, even Christ (iv, 11-16). Sure- h-, then, they were to walk no more as darkened, feel- ingless heathen; they were to put off the old man, and put on the new (iv, 17-24). This, too, was to be prac- tically evinced in their outward actions ; they were to be truthful, honest, pure, and forgiving ; they were to walk in love (iv, 25-v, 2). Fornication, covetousness, and impurity were not even to be named ; the}' were once in heathen darkness, now they are light, and must reprove the deeds of the past (v, 3-14). Thus were they to walk exactly, to be filled with joy, to sing, and to give thanks (v, 15-21). "Wives were to be subject to their husbands, husbands to love and cleave to their wives (v, 23-33) ; children were to honor their parents, parents to bring up holil}' their children (vi, 1-4) ; servants and masters were to per- form to each other their reciprocal duties (vi, 5-9). A\'ith a noble and vivid exhortation to arm themselves against their spiritual foes with the armor of God (vi, 10-20), a brief notice of the coming of Tychicus (vi, 21, 22). and a twofold doxology (vi, 23, 24), this sub- lime epistle comes to its close.
V. Diile. — This epistle was written during the latter part of the apostle's first imprisonment at Rome, at about the same time with that to the Colossians, A.U. 57. This appears from the billowing circumstances : Timothy was not yet with Paul (i, 1) ; Paul was then a prisoner (iii, 1 ; iv, 1), but had i)een allowed to preach (vi, 20; comp. Acts xxviii, .SO, 31); Tychicus (on hb first journej') carried this epistle (vi, 21 ; comp.
Coloss. iv, 7, 8). The question of order in time be- tween this epistle and that to the Colossians is very difficult to adjust. On the whole, both internal and external considerations seem somewhat in favor of the priorit}- of the Epistle to the Ephesians. Comp. Ne- ander, Plantinrj, i, 329 (Bohn), Schleiermacher, Stud, u, Krit. for 1832, p. 500, and ■\^'ieseler, Chronol. p. 450 sq. — Kitto, s. V. ; Smith, s. v. See Colossians (Epis- tle to).
VI. Commentaries, etc. — The following is a full list of separate exegetical helps on this epistle, the more important having an asterisk (*) prefixed : Yicto- rinus, In ep. ad Epihes. (in Mai's Script. Vet. Ill, i, 87) ; Jerome, Commentarii (in 0pp. vii, 537 ; also in 0pp. Svppos. xi, 995); Chrysostom, IIomiliK (in 0pp. xi, 1 ; Bihl. Pair, ix) ; Claudius Taurinensis, Expo- sitio (in IMabillon, ]'et. Anal. 91); *Calvin, Commen- tarii (in Op2). ; also tr. into English, Loud. 1854, 8vo) ; also Sermons (tr. bj' Golding, Lond. 1577, 4to) ; Rid- ley, Commentary (in Richmond's Fathers, ii, 14) ; Jle- gander, Commeritarius (Basil. 1534, 8vo) ; Sarcer, Adno- tationes (Vvckf. 1541, 8vo) ; Major, Enarratio (\Vittemh. 1552, 8vo) ; 'i^aWant, Eiiarrationes (Ven. 1554; Lond. 1570, 8vo) ; Weller, Commeniarius (Norimb. 1559, 8vo) ; Vellerus, Enarratiunes (Noriml). 1559, 8vo) ; Bucer, Pirclectiones (Basil. 1562, fol.) ; Musculus, Commentarii (Basil. 1569, fol.) ; Ileminge, Commentary (Lond. 1581, 4to) ; MmewMirm, Ex]wsiiio (Lond. 1581, 4to); Anon., Exposition (Lond. 1581, 4to) ; Stewart, Commentarius (Ingolst. 1593, 4to) ; Rollock, Commentarius (Edinl). 1590, 4to; Gen. 1593, 8vo) ; Zanchius, Commentaria (Newstad. 1594, fol.) ; Weinrich, FixpUcatio (Lips. 1613, 4to) ; Battus, Commentarii (Rost. 1620, 4t(>) ; De (Juiros, Commentarius (Hisp. 1622, fol. ; Lugd. 1623, 4to) ; Meeleuhrer, Commentarius (Norimb. 1628, 4to) ; Hanneken, Explicatlo (4to, Marp. 1G31 ; Lips., 1718; Jen. 1731) ; Tarnovius, Commentarius (Rost. 1636, 4to); Cocceius, Commentaiius (in Opp. v) ; Althofor, Ani- madversiones (Alt. 1641, 4to) ; Crocius, Commentarius (Cassel, 1642, 8vo) ; Bayne, Commentary (Lond. l&iZ, fol.) ; Wandalin, Paraphrasis (Slesw. 1650, 8vo) ; Boyd, Pndectimies (fol., London, 1652; Gen. 1660); Anon., Annotationes (8vo, Camlir. 1653; Amst. 1703; also in t'le Criticl Sac7'i^ ; Fer{>;i\SQn, Exposition (Edinb. 1659, 8vo) ; Crell, Commentarius (in Opp. i, 4) ; Lagus, Commentatio (Grj'ph. 1664, 4to) ; Schmidt, Parajihrasis (Arg. 1684, 1699, 4to) ; Du Bosc, Sermons (Fr., Rot- terd. 1699, 3 vols. 8vo); Goodwin, Erposition (Strasb. 1699, 4to); Spcner, 7M/aV. (Hal. 1706, 1730, 4to) ; Ger- baden, Geopcnt Door (Tr. ad Rh. 1707, 4to) ; Pfeffinger, Dissertationes (Arg. 1711, 8vo) ; also, De visitatione Pauli ap. Ephesios (Arg. 1721, 4to); Roll, Commented rius (Tr. ad Rh. 1715, 1731, 2 vols. 4to) ; Hazevoet, Verklaar. (L. B. 1718, 4to) ; *Dinant, Commentarii (Rot- terd. 1721, 4to ; also in Low Dutch, ib., 1711, 1722, 2 vols. 4to) ; Van Til, Commentarius (Amsterd. 1726, 4to); Fend, Erluiit. (s. 1. 1727, 4to) ; Ziegler, Elnlelt. (in Henke's Maepiz. iv, 225) ; Crusius, De statu Ephe- slnorum (Hafn. 1733, 4to) ; Gude, Erlevt. (Laub. 1735, 8vo) ; also, De eccL Epli. statu (Lips. 1732, 8vo) ; Ro- yaards, Vcrllaar. (Amst. 1735, 3 vols. 4to) ; Van Al- phen, Specimen (Tr. ad Rh. 1742, 4to) ; Huthj Ep. ex Laod. in encycl. ad Eph. (Erlang. 1751, 4to) ; Justi, Br. a. Laod. d. Br. an d. Eph. (in his Verrn. Ahlimdl. p. 81); Pezold, De snhlimltate in ep. ad Eph. (Lips. 1771, 4to) ; ]SIoldenhauer, Uehers. (Hamb. 1773, 8vo) ; (Chandler, Paraphrase (London, 1777, 4to) ; Schlitze, Commentarii (8vo, Lips. 1778, 1785); Cramer, Aushg. (Hamb. 1782, 4to) ; Esmarch, Uebers. (Alton. 1785, 8vo); Krause, Anmerlc. (Frkf. 1789, 8vo) ; Brinkman, Uebers. (Hamb. 1793, 8vo); Muller, Erkllir. (Hdlb. 1793, 4to); Morus, ylcrof(,fcs (Lips. 1795, 8vo) ; H.an- lein, De lectorlb. ep. ad F.p. (I<>rl. 1797, 4to) ; Popp, Erkldr. (Rost. 1799, 4to) ; Van Bemmlen, Epp. ad Eph. et Col. collattB (L. B. 1803, 8vo); Schneckenburger, Aphorismen d. Br, n. d. Eph. (in his Elnl. ins N. T. No. 13) ; Von Flatt, Varies. (Tub. 1828, 8vo) ; Holz-