3. Anacephalmosis (Migne, xlii, 833), which is a sum- mary or abridgment of the Panarium, the order of topics being somewhat varied.
4. iltni /.liTpwv icai rrraOi^io'iV, De Mensuris et Pon- deribus (of measures and weights), in which he gives an account of the weights and measures used in Scrip- ture, a book still useful for Biblical archaBology.
5. Xlffii riov SioStKa XiOuJv, de xii gemmis qua3 erant in veste Aaronis (on the 12 gems which were in Aaron's breast-plate).
A Commentary on the Song oj Songs, under the name of Epiphanius, was published hy Foggini, in a Latin version (Rome, 1750, 4to ; and the same was puldish- ed [in Greek and Latin], Home, 1772, 4to), by Giaco- mellus, who attributes it to Philo Carpasius. See Philo.
The complete editions of Epiphanius (by Petavius and Migne) have been named above. There is a new edition by Dindorf (Leips. 5 vols. 8vo, 1859-18G3). The Pannrion is given in vols, ii, iii, of Oehler, Corpus Hceresiologicum (Berlin, 1859-1862, 5 vols. 8vo). There is a German translation of portions of Epipiianius, with notes, by Rosier (1778, 8vo). His account of the Ari- an and Jleletian heresies was translated into English byWhiston, in his Collection of Ancient Monuments on
the Trinity (Lend. 1713, 8vo). A separate life of Epi- phanius was published hj Gervaise (Paris, 1738, 4to).
See Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. vi, 32 ; viii, 15 ; Socrates, Hist. Eccl. vi, 10, 12, 14 ; Dupin, Eccles. Writers, ii, 234 ; the account of the BoUandists, in Migne, Patrol. Grmc. xli ; Oudin, De Script. Eccles. i, 527 ; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacres (Paris, 1860), vol. vi, ch. xv; Cave, Hist. Lift. (Genev. 1720), i, 147 ; Fabricius, Bibliotheca Gneca, ed. Harles, viii, 255 sq. ; Lardner, Works, iv, 185 sq. ; Clarke, Succession of Sacred Literature, i, 324 ; Neander, Church Historg (Torrej^'s), ii, 680, 697 ; Schaff, Ch. History, vol. iii, § 169 ; Hoffmann, Bibliog. Lerikon, ii, 25 sq.
Epiphanius, St., bishop of Pavia, was born in that city, of a noble fomily, in 439 (according to others 438). He received an education for the priesthood under the special superintendence of St. Crispin, bishop of Pavia. He was consecrated subdeacon in 456, dea- con in 458, and on the death of Crispin in 466, he was unanimously chosen bishop in' the clergy and people. He had long been noted for his rigid asceticism, and after his election his rigor greatlj^ increased. He took onlj' one meal a day, abstained altogether from Mine and meat, never used a bath, and was present at di- vine service with feet locked together. At that time the West Roman empire was falling to pieces, and a pre}' to the incursions of northern tribes. During these disturbances, bishop Epiphanius seems to have gained to a high degree the esteem and the confidence of all the rulers. He mediated a peace between em- peror Anthemus and his son-in-law Ricimer. In 474 he was sent by the emperor Nepos as envoy to Eurich, king of the Visigoths. In 476 king Odoacer con- quered Pavia, and gave the city up to plundering, on which occasion the cathedral was destroyed. Epipha- nius rebuilt the cathedral, and prevailed upon tlie king to exempt the city for five years from all taxes. During the war between Odoacer and Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, he gained the confidence of both parties. Theodoric, who in 493 became the master of Itah', granted, upon the intercession of Epiphanius, an amnesty to all who had borne arms against him. The- odoric then (494) sent Epiphanius on a mission to Gun- dobald, king of the Burgundians, to treat with him for the release of the Ligurian prisoners, who were to re- people the desolated districts of Italy. The mission was successful, and Theodoric subsequently remitted to the Ligurians two thirds of the taxes. Epiphanius died in Pavia, Jan. 21, 497. In 962 the emperor Otho had his relics transported to Hildesheim, in Germany. The Church of Rome commemorates him as a saint on Jan. 21. — Butler, Lives of Saints, i, 191; Acta Sancto- 7-um, Jan. 21 (biography by his successor Ennodius) ; Neander, Light in Dark Places (New York, 1853), p. 97 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biogr. Generale, xvi, 161 ; Herzog, Real- EncyUop. iii, 100. (A. J. S.)
Epiphanius, Scholasticus, an ecclesiastical writ- er of the Latin Church, lived at the beginning of the 6th century, and is supposed to have been an Italian by birth. At tlie request of his friend Cassiodorus (q. V.) he translated from Greek into Latin the works of the Church historians Socrates, Sozomen, and Tlieo- doret. Cassiodorus revised the translation, and made out of the three works one, which, under the name of Historia Trijmrtila, remained throughout tlie Jliddle Ages one of the standard historical works. I>ikewise, at the request of Cassiodorus, Epiphanius translated several other works, as the Codex Encyclirus (a collec- tion of synodal epistles to the emperor Leo I in de- fence of the Council of Chalcedon) ; a Commentary of bishop Epiphanius of Cyprus on the Song of Songs ; a Commentary of Didymus on the Proverbs and the cath- olic epistles.— Cave, ///*•/. Lit. (Genev. 1720), i, 320; Hoefer, Nouv. Biogr. Generale, xvi, 162 ; Herzog, ReaU Encyklop. iv, 100.
Epiphany (tTi^avsta, ra iTrKpc'tvia, the " mani-
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