L.VNGUAGES.
Ethiopic Version. The libraries of Europe con
Octateuch, containing the Pentateuch and the books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth ; The Kings, in thirteen books, consisting of two books of Samuel, two of Kings, two of Chronicles, two of Ezra (Ezra and Nehemiah), Tobit, Judith, Esther, Job, the Psalms ; Solomon, in five books, consisting of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canti- cles, Wisdom, and Sirach ; Prophets, in eighteen books, consisting of Isaiah, Jeremiah's prophecy and Lamen- tations, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the twelve minor prophets ; lastly, they have also two books of the Jlac- cabces. Besides this, thej' possess an apocryphal book of Enoch, which they place next to that of Job. The critical uses of this version are almost exclusively con- fined to the evidence it gives as to the text of the Sep- tuagint. The version of the New Testament was made directly from the Greek original (see Bode, N. T. A-'Ah. cum Grceco coUatum, Brunswick, 1753). It follows the verbal arrangement of the Greek very closely, and has mistakes that are only to be explained by the confu- sion of words which resemble each other in that lan- guage. It is difficult to determine what recension it follows, but it frequently agrees with the Peshito and the Itala. It is impossible to ascertain the date of the
Specimen of an Ethiopic MS. in the possession of the Church Mission.ary Society of London (containing Num. xxiv, IT).
execution of either of these translations, but they maj both be ascribed with much probability to the begin- ning of the fourth century. — Kitto, s. v. Although there are several MSS. in Europe containing the Ethi- opic version entire, only parts have yet been printed : the Psalter, first by Potken, along with Canticles (Rom. 1513, 4to); also liy the Bible Soc. (Lond. 1815), with notes by Ludolf (Frcft. 1701, 4to) ; the Canticles alone, by Nis.sel (Lugd. 1660, 4to) ; Jonah, in Lat. In- Petro- us (ib. eod. 4to) ; Ruth, hy Nissel (ib. eod. 4to) ; ISIala-
tain some, altlKJUgh very rarely complete, manuscript chi,in Lat. by Petrreus (ib. 1661,4to') ; Joel, In- the same copies of a translation of the Bible into the Geez dia- (ib. eod. 4to) ; first 4 chapters of Genesis, by Biircklin lect (see Ludolf, llistoriu yEthiopica, Lond. 1684 ; also (Frcft. 1696, 4to) ; Jonah, with a glossary, etc., by Stau-
Platt's Catnlxgue of.Eih. MSS., London, 1823). This version of the Old Testament was made from the Greek of the Septuagint, according to the Alexandrian re- cension, as is evinced, among other things, by the ar- ran'j;ement of the Biblical books, and by tlie admission of the Apocrypha without distinction. Tradition as- signs it to Frumentins as the author, but it probably proceeded from various Christian hands. Dorti sup- poses (Dp P.^riliirio yEthiopica, Lips. 1825^ that the translator consulted the Ileb. original, but this is dis- puted l)y Gesenius and Rodiger {Alfgem. Litt. Zeit. \
dacher (ib. 1706, 8vo) ; various fragments, by Bode (Helmst. 1755, 4to). Dillmann is publishing for the first time the O. T. entire {BiMia V. T. yEth., Lips. 1860 sq., Ito). The whole New Testament has, however, appeared. It was first published liv three Abyssinians (Rome, 1548-9, .5 vols. 4to), reprinted in Walton's Poly- glot (London, 1857, fol. ; vol. v, with a Latin version, also 1698). Piatt -has edited the entire O. T. in Am- liaric (Lond. 1840, 4 to). The Gospels were edited anew from ]MSS. by Piatt (Lond. 1826, 4to), and the whole N. T. bj' the same in 1830. Bode published transla-
ETIIMA
335
ETHNOLOGY
tions and critical editions of several portions : Ep. to j Heb. (Home, 1548, 4to), Mattliew's Gosp. (Hal. 1749, 4to). See Kosenniiiller, Uandb.f. d. Lit. d. bibl. Kiit. j iii, G5 fq. ; Davidson, Biblical Criticism, ii, 202 sq. ; Dillmann, in Herzog's Encyklopddie, s. v. See Ver- sions OF THE Bible.
Etll'ma ('Efl^ja v. r. >foojtt«,Vulg. Nohei), given (1 Esd. ix, 35) as the name of the head of one of the fam- ilies of Jgraelites, several of whose "sons" divorced their Gentile wives after the exile ; apparently a cor- ruption of Xebo (q. V.) in the Heb. list (Ezra s, 43).
Eth'nan (Heb. Ethnan', 'jSrS;, a gift; Sept. 'Ea- Octrc'qi V. r. 'Ei'Gaci ; Vulg. Efkncm), a descendant of Judah; one of the sons of Helah, the wife of Ashur, " the father of Tekoa" (1 Chron. iv, 7). B.C. post 1618.
Ethiiarch (t^vupxvO: properly' rtdtr of a nation; hence generall}'' a.pi-cefect of a district or citj' (Lucian, Macrol). 17), e. g. Simon Maccabicus, as head of the Jewisli commonwealth (1 Mace, xiv, 47, "governor;" XV, 1, 2, "prince;" Josephus, Ant. xiii, G, G) ; Arche- laus, appointed by his father's will and the emperor's ratification, his viceroy in Judaea (Josephus, War, ii, G, 3), of the national head (modern '■'■ patria7rh"^ of the Jews in Egypt (Josephus, Ant. xiv, 7, 2; comp. Stra- bo, xvi, 7y8). Spoken of the " governor" or mayor of the cit}^ of Damascus (2 Cor. xi, 32), under the Ara- bian king Aretas (q. v.). (See Walch, Dissertt. in Acta Apost. ii, 85.)
Etl-/ni (Heb. Ethni', "^SPX, munificent, Sept. 'ASia- vi V. r. 'AS-avfi), son of Zerah and father of Adaiah, of the Levitical familj' of Gershom (1 Chron. vi, 41 [26]). B.C. cir. 1420. In ver. 21, the same person appears to be designated by the name of Jeatakai. See Asapu.