In the Church of England. — In the first liturgy of Edward VI, a form of exorcism at baptism is given. The priest, looking upon the children, was to say, " I command thee, unclean spirit, in the name of the Fa- ther, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, that thou come out and depart from these infants, wliom our Lord Jesus Christ has vouchsafed to call to his holy baptism, to 1;9 made members of his body and of his holy congrega- tion. Therefore, thou accursed spirit, remember thy sentence, remember thy judgment, remember the day to be at hand wherein thou shalt burn in fire everlast- ing, prepared for thee and thy angels; and presume not henceforth to exercise any tyranny towards these infants whom Christ hath l)ought with his precious blood, and, by his holv baptism, calleth to be of his flock." See Baptism. Bucer's remonstrance against the indiscriminate use of the form of exorcism, on the ground that it wotild be uncharitable to suppose that all were daniioniacs who came to be baptized, was list- ened to hy the Reformers ; for in their revision of the Prayer-book, in the 5th and 6th of Edward VI, they de-
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cided on omitting it altogether. The seventy-second canon of the Church of England forbids an}' minister attempting to expel a devil or devils, nnder pain of the imputation of imposture, and cosenage, and depo- sition from the ministry, except he first obtains the license of the bishop of his diocese, had under his hand and seal (Wheatly, On Common Prayer, chap, vii, § 2). In the form of baptism used in the Church of England, the INIethodist Episcopal Church, and the Protestant Episcopal Church, the cjucstion is put to the candidate, "Dost thou renounce the devil and all his works?" etc. This is a remnant of the old form of renuncia- tion (connected with the exorcism at the baptism of catechumens), but of exorcism itself there is nothing in their formularies.
lAierafnre. — See, besides the works already cited, Suicer, Thesaurus, s .v. a(popKi(jj.i6g, t'iopKirrfi6(j; Stolle, De Orhjine Exorcismi in Baptrsmo ; Augusti, Denhwur- digkeiten, vii, 2G8 sq. ; Bingham, Orig. Ecdes., Bohn's ed., i, 435; ii, 110 sq.; K\\gniit\,Christl. Arch(eologie,u, 427 sq. ; iii, 402 ; Ferraris, Promta Biblioiheca, iii, 927 sq. ; Kraft, Ansfiihrl. Hist, von Exorcismo (Hamburg, 1750, 8vo) ; Elliott, Delineation of Romanism, bk. ii, ch. XV ; Procter, On Common Prayer, p. 365.
Exordium. See Homiletics ; Sermon.
Expectancy (Lat. expectantla, expectiva, gratia expectiva}, in canon law, the name of a prospective claim to an ecclesiastical benefice which has not yet become vacant. At first the German emperors grant- ed expectancies for the first place in every chapter that became vacant after their accession to the throne (jus prima} 2}''ecis). After the eleventh century the popes granted expectancies at first in the shape of a request, and subsequently in the shape of an order. The expectancy was either for a definite benefice, or for any benefice of a certain class or chapter. The third Council of Lateran (1179), and later papal re- scripts, forbade the expectancies, but the popes them- selves continued to grant them. They were again restricted by the Council of Constance, and forbidden bj"^ the Council of Basel. The Council of Trent total- ly abolished them, except in cases of bishops and mo- nastic superiors, to whom, in some specified cases, a coadjutor, with the right of succession, was given. In the Protestant state churches the princes have claimed the right to grant expectancies. — Allgem. Real-Encykl. i, 622 ; Ilerzog, Real-Enajkl. iv, 292. (A. J. S.)
Expectation "Week, the time between Ascen- sion Day and Whitsunday, the period during which ■the apostles tarried at Jerusalem in expectation of the fulfilment of the Master's promise as to the outpouring of the Comforter. — Procter, On Common Prayer, p. 289.
Expediency, fitness of means to ends. On ex- pediencj' as the ground of morals, see Dwight, Theolo- gy, ser. xcix ; Robert Hall, Complete Works, i, 9C ; ii, 295 ; Lit. and Theol. Revieio, iv, 388 ; Wayland, in Bib- liotheca Sacra, 1843, p. 301 ; and the article Ethics.
Experience {doKi/^n), Rom. v, 4, "proof," as else- where rendered), approval of integritj'- as the result of trial. " Tlie three stages of inropovi), endurance, oo- Kifu), approval, and t\7rig, hope, are considered by the apostle as proceeding from the sufferings ; the first de- noting the state of moral earnestness implied in pa- tient and faithful endurance, the second that state of approval as genuine which thence results, and bears within it hope as its blossom" (Olshausen, Comment. in loc).
EXPERIENCE. I. Fn Philosophy. — ' ' Experience, in its strict sense, applies to what has occurred within a person's own knowledge. Experience, in this sense, •jf course relates to the pust alone. Thus it is that a man knows by experience what suflTerings he has un- dergone in some disease, or what height the tide reached at a certain time and place. More frcquenth' the word is used to denote that judgment which is de-
rived from experience in the primary sense, by reasoning from that in combination with other data. Thus a man may assert, on the ground of experience, that he was cured of a disorder bj-- such a medicine — that that medicine is generall}' beneficial in that disorder ; that the tide vaay always be expected, under such circum- stances, to rise to such a height. Strictly speaking, none of these can be knowii hy experience, l3ut are con- clusionsy>-o7« experience. It is in this sense only that experience can be applied to the future, or, which comes to the same thing, to any general fact ; as, e. g. when it is said that we know by experience that water ex- posed to a certain temperature will freeze" (Whately, Logic, app. i).