in the tombs, together with the bodkin used for applj^-
Modem I^cryptian Lndy with painted Eyes. (The vessel for holding the paint, and the probe for applying it, are from the Monuments.)
der called hold. This is a coUyrium, commonly com- posed of the smoke-black which is produced by burning a kind of libc'im — an aromatic resin- — a species of frank
of frankincense, as being cheaper and equallj' good for the purpose. Kohl is also prepared of the smoke- black produced from burning the shells of almonds. These two kinds, thouirh believed to be beneficial to the eyes, are used merely for ornament ; but there are several Ivinds used for their real or supposed medical properties, particularly the powder of several kinds of lead ore, to which are often added sarcocoUa, long pep- per, sugar-candy, fine dust of a Venetian sequin, and sometimes powdered pearls. Antimoii}', it is said, was formerly used for painting the edges of the eyelids. The kohl is ajjplied with a small probe of wood, ivo- rv, or silver, tajiering towards the end, but blunt: this is moistened, sometimes with rose-water, then dipped in tlie powder and drawn along the edges of the eye- lids : it is called mirved ; and the glass vessel in which the kolil is kept, mitkkolak. The custom of thus or- namenting the eyes prevailed among lioth sex.es in Egypt in very ancient times : this is shown by the sculptures and jiaintings in the femples and tombs of
the moistened powder. They are of various ma- terials, usuall}' of stone, wood, or potteiy ; sometimes composed of two, sometimes of three or four separate cells, apparently containing each a mixture, differing slightly in its quality' and hue from the other three. Many were simple round tubes, vases, or small boxes; some were ornamented with the figure of an ape or monster, supposed to assist in holding the bottle be- tween his arms, while the lady dipped into it the pin with which she painted her ej'es ; and others were in imitation of a column made of stone, or rich porcelain of the choicest manufiicture" (Ancient Eyyptians, iii, 382).— Kitto, s. V. See Paint.
Eylert, Echlemann Friedrich, was born at Hamm, in Prussian Westphalia, April 5, 1770. He studied theology at Halle, where he imbibed the mod- erate Rationalism of Niemeyer. In 1794 he became a ]ireacher in liis native city, in 1800 court preacher at
this country ; and kohl-vessels, with the probes, and i Potsdam, and after the death of Sack in 1817 he be-
EY31ERIC
429
EZEKIEL
came superintendent, being at the same time appointed minister of public instruction. In his kiter years his theology assumed a positively orthodox character. lie died Feb. 3, 1852. While at court he was the friend and counsellor of kin<^ Frederick William III, over whom he exerted a great influence, especially in the matter of the Union and the Liturgy. See Prussia, Church of. He was a prolific writer. The most important of his works are, Beirachtunijen ii. d. trost- volkn Wahrheiten des Christenthums, etc. (180-1 ; 4th ed. 1831) : — Ilomilien u. d. Parabeln Jesu (1806 ; 2d ed. Igltl) : — Predigten u. Bedurfnisse unsers Ilerzens (1805) : — Kurakterzuge Friedrich Wilhelm's III (1840-47). See Ntuer Nekrolog d. Deutscheii (1852). — Herzog, Real- EncyUop. iv, 295.
Eymeric, Nicolas, a Spanish inquisitor, was born about 1320 at Gerona. He entered the Dominican or- der in 1334, and was made inquisitor general of Ara- gon in 1336. His zeal was too great even for his su- periors, and he was removed from his office for a time, but after some years he returned to it. He was noted especially for his fierce pursuit of the partisans of Raymond Lull (q. v.). His Directorium Inquisitorum has been often reprinted (Rome, 1578, 1589, 1597, fol. ; Venice, 1591, 1G07). He died Jan. 4, 1399.— Quetif et Echard, Script. Ord. Prmd. i, 716 ; Hoefer, Nuuv. B'log. Generak, xvi, 867. See Ixquisition.
Eyre, John, a minister of the Church of England, was born at Bodmin, Cornwall, January, 1754. He had a good elementary education, and at fifteen was bound apprentice to a clothier. Before the termination of his apprenticeship he embraced a religious life, and on returning to his father's house he commenced hold- ing public religious meetings. His father was offend- ed at this, and drove him from his house. He was soon after admitted into lady Huntingdon's College at Trcvecca, and in 1778 he was appointed minister to her chapel at ^lulberry Gardens, London. In the s^ame year he entered Emmanuel College, Oxford, and in December, 1779, he was made curate of Weston. In 1781 he became curate of St. Giles's, Reading, and in 1782 of St. Luke's, Chelsea. In 1785 he became pastor of the Episcopal chapel at Homerton, and open- ed a school there, which became very successful. He was verj' popidar as a preacher, free from bigotry, and active in all schemes of benevolence. The Evan- gelical Magazine and the London Missionary were orig- inated and for a time edited by him. From the prof- its of the Evangelical Magazine between twenty and thirty thousand pounds were paid out for the support of widows of ministers of various denominations. He was also one of the founders of th<^ London Missionary Society (q. v.), of the scheme of "Village Itinerancy," and of the Hackney Seminarj' for theological training. After a life of earnest pietv and usefulness, he died March 28, 1803. — ]Morison, Missionary Fathers, p. 9.