Fanino or Fannio, Faventino, a native of Fa- enza, in Italy, one of the tirst martyrs of the Refor- mation in Italy. The Scriptures in Italian (probably Bruccioli's version, 1532) fell into his hands, and he soon began to speak of the truth to his neighbors. Vv'hen the ecclesiastical authorities heard of his course they arrested and imprisoned him. His wife and fam- ily came to him with entreaties and tears when first apprehended, and he yielded to their persuasions to gain his release from prison by recantation. Under the bitter reproaches of conscience he soon determined to confess Christ openly, and he went publiclj' through Eomagna preaching the Reformed doctrines. He was arroftod at Bagna Cavallo, and condemned to the stake. He was removed to Fcrrara, where, for eight- een months, persuasion, promises, and tortures were used in vain to induce him to recant. Soon after the accession of pope Julius III a brief was issued for the execution of Fanino. He embraced the messenger, saying, " I accept death joA-fuUy for Christ's sake." Being urged to recant for the sake of his wife and chil- dren, whom ho was about to leave without a protector, he replied, "I have recommended them to the care of the best of guardians." " AVhat guardian ?" "Jesus Christ ! I think I could not commit them to the care of a better." He was ironed, and led out to execution ; and on the way, being reproached b}' his enemies for his cheerfLdness, when Christ was exceeding sorrowful at the ajiproach of death, he answered, " Christ sus- tained all manner of pangs and conflicts with death and hell on our account, and by his sufferings freed those who re:dly believe in him from the fear of them." He was strangled at dawn, and bis body was burned at noon, in Se])tember, 1550. — Young, IJfc. of Aonio Paleario (1860, ii. 111) ; M'Crie, lieformation in Italy, ch. V.
Fannio. See Fanino.
Fan-tracery Vaulting,
used chiefly in late perpen- dicular work, in which all the ribs that rise from the springing of the vault have the same curve, and diverge equally in every direction, pn)ducing an effect some- thing like that of the bones of a fan. This kind of vault- ing admits of considerable variety in the subordinate parts, but the general effect
a kind of vaultir:
of the leading features is more nearly uniform. It is very frequently used over tombs, chantrj' chapels, and other small erections, and fine examples (in a larger scale exist at Henry the Seventh's Chapel ; St. George's Chapel, Windsor ; King's College Chapel, Candiridge, etc.," in England. — Parker, Co7i«'se Glossary of Archi- tecture, s. V.
Farel, Gutllaume, one of the boldest pioneers of the Reformation in Switzerland and France, was 1 orn near Gap, in Dauphiny, in 1489. He studied at Paris with great success, and was for some time teacher in the college of cardinal Le IMoine, to which post he was recommended by Lefevre d'Etaples. See Faber Sta- PULENSis. At this period of his life he had no per- sonal religious convictions ; but yet, while devoured with a love of letters, lie was zealous in the service of the Roman Catholic Church. But he was led, ur.der the influence of Lefevre, to the study of the Scriptures. About 1521 he went to Jleaux, at the invitation of Le- fevre, and the bishop (Bri<^onnet, q. v.) gave him au- thority to preach. Ilis mind was now fixed substan- tially in the Reformed doctrine, and he preached, per- haps, with more zeal than discretion ; and in 1523, Lri- connet, now becoming timid, sent away tiie ardent young preacher. He soon found it best to retire to Switzerland. At Basel, Feb. 15, 1524, he sustained publicly thirteen theses on the chief points in contro- versy (Tkemata quadam Latine et Gcrmanice pra jiosila, Basel, 1528). During his few months' stay at Basel he visited some of the Swiss cities, and made friends of Myconius, Haller, and Zwingle. At Basel, Qico- lampadius was his warm friend, admiring his zeal and energj', but, at tlie same time, not unaware of his lack of discretion. Farel was soon involved in a dis- pute with Erasmus, whose "trimming" tendency was just the opposite of his own ardent and decided na- ture. He compared Erasmus to Balaam ; but the scholar soon proved too strong for the j'oung reformer, who Avas compelled to leave Basel. In one t f his later letters, Erasmus sa3-s of him {F.pist. p. 798, ed. Lond.) : " You have in your neighborhood the new evangelist Farel, than wlu m I never saw a man more false, more virulent, more seditious." But the abuse of Erasmus could not, in the long run, injure Farel. Towards the end of March, 1524, Farel went to Strasburg, where he made the friendship of Bucer and Capito. Under the direction of Q^^colampadius, he went to serve a newly-formed society at Montbeliard. Here he preach- ed successfully, but yet witli great violence. Once, on a procession day, he pulled out of the priest's hand the image of St. Anthony, and threw it from a bridge into the river ; he narrowly escaped being torn to pieces by the mob. His friends became alarmed, and CEcolampadius censured him for his imprudence (see Corresfiondance des R'furmatciir,^ Paris, 18G6, i, 265). Leaving Montbeliard in the spring of 1525, he spent a short time at Basel, and the next year partlj' in Alsace and partly in Switzerland. In 1527 he went to Aigle, and in 1528, when Berne became Protestant, he extended his labors to all the territory connected with Berne. Under his labors, Aigle and Bex became Protestant in 1528-9 ; Morat and Neufchutcl in 1530 ; Orl)e in 153]. His labors during these years were not only vast, but perilous; but the government of Berne gave him strong and steady support. In 1531 he was sent as a deputation (with A. Saunier) to the 'W'alden- sian Synod at Angrogne. He alwaj's retained great influence among the AValdenscs.