A member of the French Con- Member of tlie Italian Conp;re- grtgal ion of Feuillants. gation of ]-\uillants or Ke
formed Bernardines.
which were called reformed Bernardines. At the head of each was henceforth a general. Subsequently con- siderable alterations were made in the statutes of each (of the French in 1634, of the Italian in 1667). Among the most celebrated members of the two congregations belong cardinal Bona and Cosmus Roger. Joseph Mo- ratius wrote their history {Cistercii rejlorescentis seu Congregafionum Cisiercio-Monasticarum B. M. Fuliensis in Galli'i et reformato- rum S. Bernaixli in Italia chronologica historia, Tu- rin, 1690).
The first convent of nuns according to the reformed rule of Feuil- lants was organized in 1588 at Montesquieu. It was subsequentlj' trans- ferred to Toulouse. The chapters general held in 1595 and 1598 forbade the establishment of new convents, but in 1662 the ^',- wife of king Louis XIII succeeded in establish- ing one in Paris. Ac- cording to a bull of Cle- ment VIII of 1606, these nuns were subject to all the rules of the conj: gation of the Feuillants. It seems that the congreiation has become entirely extinct in consequence of the French Revolution. — ■ Helyot, Ordres Religleux, ed. Migne, s. v. ; Henrion-
Nun of the Congregation of Feu- illants.
FEVER
542
FICHTE
Fehr, Monchsordeh, i, 159 ; Wetzer w. "Welte, Kirchen- Lex. iv, Gl. (A. J. S.)
Fever, the rendering, in the A. V., of the Hebrew rri'i;?, kaddach'ath (Dent, xxviii, 22), and the Greek TTvptTog (Mat. viii, 14 ; Mark i, 30 ; Luke iv, 38 ; John iv, 52; Acts xxviii, 8). Both the Hebrew and Greek words are derived from tlic association of burning heat, wliich is the usual symptom of a febrile attaclv ; the former coming from the verb fTip, to hum, the latter from Tri'p,frc (comp. Aram. NP'JN from TIJJi; Goth. brinno, from hrinnan, to burn ; Lut._/c5r/s, and our own fever, from /eriere). In Lev. xxvi, 16, the A. V. ren- ders rnn;^ by " burning ague," but the renderingy'e- ver seems better, as it is not necessaril}' tlie intermit- tent type of the disease which is thus designated. In all Eastern climates febrile diseases are common, and in Syria and Palestine they are among the commonest and severest inflictions under which the inhabitants suffer (Russell's Aleppo, bk. v, ch. iii). They are espe- cially prevalent in the vicinity of Capernaum (Thom- son, La72d and Book, i, 547). The fever under which Peter's wife's mother suffered is called by Luke Tzvpt- tIq ^.dyaQ, ^^ a r/reatievor," and this lias been regarded as having reference to the ancient scientific distribu- tion of fevers into the great and tlie less (Galen, Z>e dljj\ fthr. ; see Wetstein, in loc), and as an instance of Luke's professional exactitude in describing disease. His use of TTvpeTol in the plural in describing the dis- ease under which the father of Publius labored (Acts xxviii, 8) has also been adduced as an instance of the same kind, inasmuch as that disease was, from its be- ing conjoined with dysentery, not a continuous, but an intermittent fever. To this mncli inportance cannot be attached, though it is proliable tli. t Luke, as aphj'- sician, would naturally use the technical language of his profession in speaking of disease. In Deut. xxviii, 22, betidos i^ijji?, two diseases of the same class are mentioned, T^pl:'^, dalle' heth, a hurn'mg (A. V. " infla'.r.- niation"), and "H'lri, charehnr' , intense parchinfj (A. Y. ''extreme burning"). The Sept. renders the for- mer of these by p'lyo^, shivering, and the latter Itj' tp:- GitTjii'ic, a word which is used by the Greek writers on medicine to designate " quodvis Naturae irritamentum, rjuo sollicitata natura ad obeundas motiones excitatur" (Foes, Oecon. Ilippoc.'). The former is probably the ague, a disease of frecpient occurrence in the East; and the latter probably dysentery, or some species of inflammatory fever. The Syriac version renders it h\ Imrn'ing, which favors the latter suggestion. Rosen- m idler inclines to the opinion that it is the catarrhus siijj'i)c:ms, l)ut this is without probability. There is no ground for supposing it to be erysipelas. Fever con- stantlj- accompanies the bloody flux or dysentery (Acts xxviii, 8; compare De ]\Iandelslo, Travels, ed. 1669, p. Co). Fevers of an inflammatory character are men- tioned (Burckhardt, .-1 rah. i, 446) as common at Mecca, and putrid ones at Jcdda. Intermittent fever and dys- entery, the latter often fatal, are ordinary Arabian dis- eases. For the former, though often fatal to stran- gers, the natives care little, but much dread a relapse. These fevers sometimes occasion most troublesome swellings in the stomach and legs (ii, 290-291). — Kit- to, s. v. ; Smith, s. v. See Diseask.
Fe'w, Ignatius A., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch. He was l)orn in Columbia Coun- ty, Georgia, April, 1791. About the year 1804 he was sent North to be under the care of his uncle, then resid- ing in New York, for the benefits of a Northern edu- cation. He was prepared for college by a Jlr. Trapha- gen, at Bergen, N. J., and afterwards went to Prince- ton, but, instead of entering tliQ regular college course, he preferred devoting himself to such accomplishments as music and French, drawing and fencing. After re- maining at Princeton some time he went to the city