Fordyce, James, D.D., a Scotch divine, was born in 1721) at Aberdeen, was educated at Marischal Col- lege, and was successivelj' minister at Brechin and Alloa, in Scotland, and at Monkwell Street, London. In 1782 ha relinquished the pastoral ofHce, and retired first to Hampshire and afterwards to Bath, where ho died, Oct. 1, 170G. He wrote Sermons to Young Women (London, 9tli ed. 1778, 2 vols. 12mo): — Addresses to Yoniig Men (Lond. 1777, 2 vols. 12mo) : — Addresses to the Deity (London, 1785, sm. 8vo); and several single sermons, which were very popular. — Jones, Christian Biographij, s. v.
Forehead (n^"2, ?ne'tsach, from an obsolete root signif. to shine, Gcscnius, Thes. Jleb. p. 815 ; fitTio-;rov). The practice of veiling the face in public for women of the higher classes, especially married women, in the East, sufficiently stigmatizes with reproach the un- veiled fiice of women of bad character (Gen. xxv, G5 ; Jcr. iii, 3; Niebuhr, Trfw. i, 132, 149, 150; Shaw,7'rrtr- els, p. 228, 240; Ilasselquist, Travel.<, p. 58; Bucking- ham, Arab Tribes, p. 312 ; Lane, Mod. Eij. i, 72, 77, 225- 248 ; Burckhardt, Travels, i, 233). An especial force is thus given to the term "hard of forehead" as de- scriptive of audacity in general (Ezek. iii, 7, 8, 9 ; compare Juvenal, Sat. xiv, 242 — " Ejectum attrita de fronte ruborem"). See Veil.
The custom among many Oriental nations both of aoloring the face and forehead, and of impressing on
Oriental Marks in the Forehead.
the body marks indicative of devotion to some special deity or religious sect is mentioned liy various writers (Burckhardt, Notes on Jled. i, 51 ; Niel)uhr, rj-rtJ). ii, 57 ; AVilkinson, Anc. Eg. ii, 342; Lane, Moderh Eg. i, G6). Sometimes it extends to serious inflictions. Sec Cut- tings IN THE Flesh. It is doubtless alluded to in
Rev. (xiii, IG, 17; xiv, 9; xvii, 5; xx, 4), and in the opposite direction by Ezekiel (ix, 4, 5, G), and in I'ev. (vii, 3 ; ix, 4 ; xiv, 1 ; xxii, 4). The mark mentioned bj' Ezekiel with approval has lieen supposed by some to be the ligure of the cross, said to be denoted by the word here used, IPl, in the ancient Shemitic language (Gescnius, Thes. p. 1495 ; Spencer, De Leg. Ilebr. ii, 20 ; iii, 409, 413). See iMauk (on the Peuson).
It maj' have been by way of contradiction to hea- then practice that the high-priest wore on the front of his mitre the golden plate inscribed " Holiness to the Lord" (Exod. xxviii, 3G ; xxxix, 30; Spencer, /. c). See JIiTiiE.
The "jewels for the forehead" mentioned by Eze- kiel (xvi, 12), and in the margin of the A. V., Gon. xxiv, 22, were in all probability nose-rings (Isa. iii, 21 ; Lane, Mod. Egypt, iii, 225, 22G ; Harmer, Ohserv. iv, 311,312; Gesenius, rAesaM?'. p. 870). The Persian and also Egyptian women wear jewels and strings of coins across their foreheads (Olearius, Travels, p. 317 ; Lane, Mod. Eg. ii, 228).— Smith, s. v. See Nose- jewel.
For the use of frontlets between the eyes, see Fhont- LET, and for the symptoms of leprosy apparent in the forehead. Leprosy. For baldness in the forehead, see Bald.
Foreigner ("'■'r^ nolcrV , Deut. xv, 3; Oba^.iah
11, a stranger, as elsewhere rendered ; ^'di?!, ioshitb', Exod. xii, 45, a sojourner, as usually rendered ; Trt/irjo:- Koc, lit. a neighbor, Eph. ii, 19, elsewhere "stranger" or "sojourner"), a resident in a country not native to him, i. e. in the Jewish sense a Gentile. See Aliex. Such non-Israelites (C"^"iS, Josephus dWorpwxojpot, Ant. iii,
12, 3) as resided among the Hebrews were by the Mo- saic law not only commended in general to the sympa- thy and humanitj' of the citizens (Exod. xxii, 21; xxiii, 9 ; Lev. xix, 33, 34 ; Deut. x, 18 sq. ; comp. Jer. vii, 6 ; Ezek. xxii, 7 ; Zech. vii, 10 ; Mai. iii, 5; see Josephus, Apion, ii, 28), but were also entitled to certain privi- leges belonging to the poor, namely, to participation in the festivals and decennial feasts (Deut. xiv, 28 sq. ; xvi, 10 sq. ; xxvi, 11 sq. ; Tobit i, 7), to gleanings in the vineyards and fields (Lev. xix, 10; xxiii, £2; Deut. xxiv, 19 sq.), and to the harvest in the j-ear of jubilee (Lev. xxv, C) ; prescriptions which found a definite point of support in Oriental hospitality. Be- fore the courts thej^ had equal rights with the native- born residents (Exod. xii, 49; Lev. xxiv, 22; Numb. XV, 15 sq. ; Dent, i, IG; xxiv, 17; xxvii, 19"', and the cities of refuge were appointed for them likewise in case of unintentional homicide (Numb, xxxv, 15). On the other hand, they also were not allowed to per- form anything which was an abomination according to the Hebrew law (Exod. xx, 10 ; Lev. xvii, 10 ; xviii, 2G ; XX, 2 ; xxiv, IG ; Deut. v, 14 ; Ezek. xiv, 7) ; yet the}"- were exempted from the prohibition of using the flesh of animals that died of themselves (Deut. xiv, 21 ; but there are also other distinctions between tliis passage and Lev. xvii, 15. See Cakcase). Foreign slaves must be circumcised, but were then entitled to cat the passover (Gen. xvii, 12 sq. ; Exod. xii, 44). It was lawful to take interest from foreigners for loaned capital (Deut. xxiii, 20). See Debt. Under certain restrictions, when they submitted to circumcision, they became naturalized, and received the prerogatives of Jewish citizenship; Edomites and Egyptians in the third generation (Deut. xxiii, 7 sq. ; comp. Tbeodoret, QiifTst. in Deut. 2G), others after a longer time. Only Ammonites, jMoabites, castrated persons, and the off- S])ring of public harlots wore altogether excluded from this privilege (Deut. xxiii, 1 sq. ; comp. Neh. xiii, 1). Foreigners accordingly appear in the royal service (1 Sam. xxi, 7 ; xxii, 9 ; 2 Sam. xi, 3, G, etc.). See Git- TiTE. Later fanaticism, however, sought to expel all foreigners from tlie country (Neh. xiii, 3 ; on the con- trary, Ezek. xlvii, 22), or impose the hard condition