The susceptible disposition of John himself, and the intimate relation in which he stood to Clirist, make the supposition reasonable that he drank so deeply into the spirit of his master, and retained so vivid a recol- lection of his very words, as to reproduce them with accuracy. Instead of transferring his own thoughts and expressions to Christ, John received and repro- duced those of Christ himself. In this way the simi- larity between John's language and that of Christ is
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accounted for. It is acknowledged, even bj- Strauss and L)e Wette, that the most characteristic expressions in John were really used l)y Christ himself. AVhen ic is objected that Jolin could not retain in remem- brance, or hand down with accuracy, such long dis- courses of Christ as he records in his gospel, far too lit- tle regard is paid to the assistance of the Holy Spirit, to be expected especially in such a case as this, accord- ing to the Saviour's promise, " He shall teach j^ou all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you" (John xiv, 26). — Kitto, s. v.
See Bp. Marsh's Translation of Michaelis' s Introd. to N. T. iii, 2 (1803) for an account of Eichhorn's ear- lier theory and of his own. Veysie's Examination of Mr. Marsh's Hypothesis (1808) has suggested many of tlie objections. In Bp. Thirlwall's Translation of Schleiermacher on St. Luke (1825, Introduction) is an account of the wliole question. Other principal works are, an essay of Eiclihorn, in the 5th vol. Allr/emeine Bibliothek der Bihlischen Liter atiir (1794) ; the Essay of Bp. JIarsh, just cjuoted ; Eichhorn,is7«fci7?/?(^ in das N. T. (1804); Gratz, Neuer Versuch die Eiistehnng der drei ersten Ecanrj. zu erkldreti (1812) ; Bertholdt, Histor.- kritische Einlcitung in sdnimtliche kanon. und apok. Schriftm des A.undN. T. (1812-181;)); and the work of Gieseler quoted above. See also De AVette, Lehrhuvh, and Westcott, Introd. , already quoted ; also Weisse, Evangelienfrage (Lpz. 185G); Schlichthorst, Verhdltn. d. synopt. Evung. zu einander (Gtilting. 1835) ; Wilke, Der Urevangelist (Dresden and Leipz. 1838) ; Llicke, Kommentar ub. d. Ev.Joh. ; Frommann, Der Johannische Lehrhegriff ; Schwarz, Uutersuchmigen fiber d. stjwpl. Evangelien (Tlib. 1844) ; Anon. Die Erangelien, ihr Geist, Verfasser und Verhdltniss zu einander (Leipz. 1845) ; Kitsch, in the Theol. Jahrb. 1851 ; Kiistlin, Ursprung und Konrpos. d. synojjt. Evangelien (Stuttg. 1853); Smith (oi 3 or AA\\\i\\\),(Jrigin and Connection of the Gospels (Edinb. 1853). For the mythical theory of the origin of the gospels, as developed bj- Strauss and others, see Eationalism, and the art. Jesus. For di- atessara oh the Gospels, see Harjionies of the Gos- pels.
IV. Commentaries, expressly on the whole of the four gospels alone, have been numerous ; the most im- portant are here designated by an asterisk (*) prefixed : Theophilus, Commentariorumfragmenta (in Grabe, Spi- cilerfium, ii, 223 sq.) ; Athanasius, Quastiones (in 0pp. [.S^;«c.], ii, 253 sq.) ; Jerome, Expositio (in 0pp. \^Sup- pos.~\ xi, 733 sq.) ; Augustine, Qucstionum lib. ii (in 0pp. iv, 311 sq.) ; Juvencus, Carmina (in Bibl. Patr. Gallandii iv); Sedulius, Expositiones [on Matt., Mark, and Luke] (in Mail Script. V<t. ix, 159 sq.) ; Arnobi- iis, Annotafkincula (in Bibl. Max. Patr. viii); Theo- phjlact, Commentarius (in Ojjp.V); Anselm, Explana- tiones (in Oj^p. ed. Picard) ; Kupert, In Evang. lib. i (in 0pp. i, 534 sq.) ; Euthyniius, Commetitarius (Gr. and Lat., Lips. 1792, 3 vols, in 4, 8vo); Aquinas, in Aiirea Catena (Paris, 1G37, fol. ; also in 0pp. iv, 5 ; in Bibl. Patr. Gall, xiv, 297, et al. ; Catena from the Fathers, by Pusey, etc., Oxf. 1841-5, 4 vols, in 8, 8vo) ; Gorra- nus, Commentaria (Colon. 1472, 1537, Hag. 1502, Antw. 1G17, Lugd. 1693, fol.) ; Zuingle, Adnotatioiies [ed. Leo Juda] (in 0pp. iv) ; Faber, Commentarii (Meld. 1522, Basil. 1523, Col. 1541, fol.) ; Bucer, Enarrationes (Ar- gent. 1527, 1528, 2 vols. 8vo ; Basil. 1537, Geneva, 1553, fol.) ; Arboreus, Commentarius (Paris, 1529, 1551, fol.); Cajetan, Commentarii (Venice, 1530, Paris, 1532, 1536, 1540, 1543, fol. ; ib. 1542, Lugd. 1558, 1574, 8vo) ; Sarcer, Scholia (on the gospels successively, Frcft. and Basel, 1538-50, 4 vols. 8vo) ; Broeckweg, Enarrationes (Par. 1543, 8vo ; Ven. 1648, 4to) ; Herborn, Enarratio- nes (Colon. 1546, 4to); Brunsfeld, Adnotationes [in- cluding Acts] (Argent. 1553, fol.); Delreio, Commtn- tarii (Ilispal. 1554, fol.) ; Lossii Adnot'itiones (Francft. 1559, 2 vols, fol.); BuUinger, Commentarius (on suc- cessive gospels ; together, Tigurini, 1561, fol.); Aretius,