See, besides the Avorks already cited, Hawker, Ser- mons on the Divinity of the Holy (,'host (Lond. 17114, 8vo); 0\\'en, Discomses on the Spirit ; Pye Smith, 0» the Holy Ghost (Loud. 1831, 8vo) ; Christian neriev, xvii, ol5 (on the. peisonality of the Spirit) ; Ncander, Histoi-y of Dog- mas, i, 171, 303 ; Neander, Ch. History, vol. i, ii ; Kahnis, Die Lehre rom Heil. Geiste (Leipaic, 1847, 8vo) ; Dewar, Personality, Divinity, etc., of the Holy Ghost (London, 1848, 8vo) ; Fritzsche, De Spiritu Sancto (Halle, 1840) ; Buchsenschutz,i>oc^/-irte de VEspiit de Dieu (Strasburg, 1840); Hase, Ei-anr/el. Doymatik, § 175; Guyse, God- head of the Holy Spirit (London, 1790, 12mo) ; Pierce, Divinity and Ptrsonality of the Spirit (London, 1805, 12mo) ; Heber, I'er.wnality and Office of the Spirit (Bampton Lecture, 1816); Ffoulkes, Divis. in Christin- dom, i, 70, 101 sq.; Bickersteth, Christ. Stud. Assist, p. 453 ; Bull, Trinity, i, 135 sq.; ii, 470 sq. : Wilson, Apost. Fathers ; 'Ba\w;Dofiinengesch. vol. i, ii ; Monsell, Redemp- tion, p. 156 sq. ; Waterland, Works, vol. \'\ ; Hefelc, Con- cilicvgesch. vol. i; Milman, Latin Christ, i, 98; Burnet, Articles of the Christian Faith, see Index; Walcott,;S«- credA rcheeol. p. 312 : Wesley, Works, i, 34 sq. ; Leidncr, Philosophy, p. 99; Stillingllect, Works,y()l. i; Smeaton, A tonement, p. 293. 29(5 : Bcthmie, Lect. on Catechism, voL ii, see Index; Hagenbacli. Hist, of Doct. \, 125, 258, 262, 4.53 ; Stud. u. Krit. 1856, ii, 298 ; 1867, vol. iii ; Mercers-
HOLY GHOST, ORDERS OF 310
HOLY LEAGUE
lurg Rev. Jan. 18G7, p. 464 ; Bib. Sac. 1863, p. 600, 877 ; 1864, p. 119; Am. Presh. Rev. April, 1863, p. 336; Chr. Rev. ILV, 115; April, 1852, art. iv; Bullet. Thiol, i, 1868; Christian Observer, vol. xx ; Land. Quart. Revieic, April, 1867, Ixiii, 257; Ev. Ch. Reg. vol. i; Brit, and For. Ev. ^et-iew, April, 1869 ; Congreg.Quart.3vljA8m\ Baptist Quart. Oct. 1869, p. 498 ; Christ. Rememhr. July, 1853. See Macedonians ; Trinity ; Socinianism.
HOLY GHOST, Blasphemy against the. See Blasphemy.
Holy Ghost, Orders of. 1. Order of the Iloltj Ghost di Sassia {Order of the Holy Ghost de Montpel- lier), established in 1178 by Guido of Montpellier, ac- cording to the rule of St. Augustine for hospital Icnights, In 1204 the order obtained the Hospital di Sassia, in Eome, in which the superior of the order took his seat as grand master. Henceforth the members of the order were divided into hospital knights, with simple, and into regular canons, with solemn vows. Pius II abol- ished the knights in 1459 in Italy, but in France they survived. Having been restored in 1693, the order was divided into the degrees of Knights of Justice and Grace, Serving Brothers and Oblates, and in 1700 was changed into regular canons, who stiU exist. At an early period in the history of the order a female branch
Re^uldi C. uiun oi ilie Urdci of the Holy Ghost.
Auu of the Oidei of the Holy Ghost.
was established. 2. Sisters of the Holy Ghost of Polig- mj, established in 1212, and still continuing in France, a branch of the White Sisters. 3. Hospitalleis (brothers and sisters) of the Holy Ghost in France, established in 1254 as a secular association, and connected with the Order of the Holy Ghost di Sassia. The sisters, on ac- count of their dress commonly called the White Sisters, are still numerous; they are devoted to the nursing of the sick and the poor, and to the education of young girls. 4. Canons of the Holy Ghost, probably founded in Lorraine by Jean Herbert, and confirmed in 1588 by Sixtus V, are devoted to instruction. 5. The Society of Missionary Priests of the Holy Ghost was founded in 1700 by abbe Desplaces and Vincent le Barbier for mis- sions, seminaries, and the nursing of the sick ; newly established in 1805 ; still exists, and is active in the for- eign missionary fields of the Roman Catholic Church.
Holy Grass {HierocMoa borealis), a grass about a foot high, of a brownish glossy lax panicle, found in the northern parts of Europe, has a sweet smell like that of vernal grass. In Iceland, where it is plentiful, it is used for scenting apartments and clothes. In some coun- tries it is strewed on the floors of places of worship on holy-days, whence its name. — Chambers, Cyclop, v, 392.
Holy Handkerchief. " It is said that one of the
women who followed Jesus to the crucifixion lent him htr handkerchief to Avipe the sweat and blood from his face, and that the impress of his features remained upon it. Of course, St. Veronica (q. v.) very carefully pre- served the cloth, and it is now at Kome. Jesus, accord- ing to tradition, sent another handkerchief to Agbarus (q. v.), king of Edessa, who had requested a portrait of him. Veronica is only a mythical personage, the name being a hybrid compound signifying 'true image.'" — Eadie, Eccles. Diet. p. 303. See Christ, Images of.
Holy of Holies. See Tabernacle ; Temple.
Holy, Holy, Holy. See Trisagion.
Holy Hours. See Hours, Holy.
Holy Innocents, a festival in commemoration of the slaugliter of infant martyrs (at Bethlehem, ]\Iatt. ii, 16), of which the Greek menologj' and Ethiopic liturgy give the number at 40,000, is alluded to by the early Christian fathers, especially Irenjens and Cyprian, Ori- gen and Augustine, as of memorial observance. In the 4th centiu-y, Prudentius celebrates it in the hymn '-All hail, 5-e infant jMartyr-Flov/ers," and, in connection with the Epiphany, also Fulgentius, in his homilies for the day. St. Bernard also alludes to them : " Stephen was a martAT before men, John before angels, but these before God, confessing Christ by d\-ing, not by speech, and their merit is known only to God." Violet was used on this day in memory of the sorrow of their mothers, and the Te Deum, Alleluia, and doxologies were forbidden. In England, at Norton (Worcestershire), " a muffled peal is rung to commemorate the slaughter, and then a peal of joy for the escape of the infant Christ ; a half-muffled peal is rung at Minety, Maisemore, Leigh-on-Mendip, Wick, Rissington, and Pattington." — Walcott, Sacred Archceoloyy, p. 313. See Innocents.