Hosius, Stanisi,aus, a distinguished Eomish the- ologian of Poland, of German origin, was born at Cracow May 5, 1504. He studied at Padua and Bologna, and obtained, on his return to Poland in 1538, a canonry. He Avas afterwards made secretary' to the king, and, in 1549, l)ishop of Culm. He was intrusted by the king with important missions to the emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I, and as a reward for his services was made also bishop of Ermeland. Hosius was an ardent oppo- nent of Luther, and havmg -vvritten the Conftssio cathol- iccejidei (]Mayence, 1551, etc.) in opposition to the Augs- burg Confession, he was rewarded with a cardinal's hat. He attended the Council of Trent as legate, and after- wards returned to Poland, where he used his influence in faver of the Jesidts, and in 15G4, to prevent the spread
of Lutheranism, he cstal)lished the College, of Brauns- berg, called after him Colkgium Hosiamim, and still existing with the two faculties of theology and iiliiliis<i- I)hy. He afterwards made a journey to Kome for the l)urpose of settling some questions of importance to the Polish Church, but was detained by pope (iregory XIII, who receiveil him with the highest honors, lie died at Caprarola Aug. 15, 1579. A collection of his works has been published under the title Opera omnia, (Col. 1584, 2 vols, folio). It contains De Commnnione sub vira/pie specie; He Sacerdotum conpigio ; He Jifissa vulgiiri lingua celehranda, etc. See Father Paul, History of the Council of Trent ; Krasinski, Ref. in Poland (London, 1840, 2 vols.); Ch. Hist, mh Cent. p. 243; Kanke, ///..-,'. of the Popes, ii, 82 ; Mosheim, Church Hist, iii, 98 ; Bayle, Hist. Diet, iii, 499 sq. ; Wetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lex. V, 339 sq. ; Aschbach, Kirch.-Lex. iii, 333 stj. ; Schrockh, Kirchengesch. s. d. Reform. ii,695; Palavicini, Hht. Con- cilii Trident, lib. ii, ch. i v ; Ersch u. Gruber, A Ug. EncykK ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxv, 210 ; Eiclihorn, Her BischofStan. Hosius (Mainz, 1844-55, 2 vols.).
Hospice, the name by which are known the pious establishments kept up by monks on some of the Alpine passes, to afford assistance and shelter to travellers. The first of these estabUshed was that situated on the Great St. Bernard, of which the priests of the canton of Valais obtained possession in 1825. Another hospice existed on St.Gothard as early as the 13th century. This es- tablishment the monks have left, and it is now occu- pied by a " hospitaller," who entertains travellers gratis. Hospices are also found on Mount Cenis, the Simplon,
and the Little St. Bernard Chambers, Cyclop, v, 432.
See Hospitals.
Hospiiiian, RunoLPH, a Swiss Protestant theo- logian, was born at Altdorf, near Zurich, Nov. 7, 1547, of a family several members of which had been martyrs of the Reformation. Rudolph was brought up by liis imcle, and studied theology at the universities of Jlar- burg and Heidelberg. After his return to Zurich in 1568 he began to preach, and became successively rector in 1576, archdeacon in 1588, and pastor of the chiu-ch of the Abbey in 1594. He died March 11, 1626. Hos- pinian is especially distinguished as a writer, and most of his works are of a polemic character, against the Romish Church, inquiring into the cultus and consti- tution of that Church. The first of them was his De origine et progressu Rituuni et Cei-emoniarum Ecclesias- ticarum (1585). Two years after he published De Tem- plis hoe est de origine, progressu, usu et abusu temjilorum, ac omnino rei-um omnium ad templa peiiinentium. (Zur. 1587, foL ; enlarged edition, 1602, fol.). His De Mona- chis, seu de origine et progressu Monachatus ac Ordinum Monasticorum, Equitum militarium turn sacrorum quam. scFcularium omnium was published at Zurich (lo8.S ), and reprinted, with additions, as an answer to Bellarniiue's De Monachis (Zurich, 1609, folio): — De Eestis Chris- tianorum, hoc est de origine, progressu, carimoniis et riti- busfestorum dierum Christianorum Liber umis, etc. (Zur. 1592-3, 2 vols, fol.; augmented, ib. 1612, foL) ; the ad- ditions to the second eilition are in answer to the objec- tions of cardinal liellarmine and of the Jesuit Gretscr: — De Festis Judceorum, et Ethnicornm, Libri tres (Zuricli, 1592, fol.; 2d edit., augmented, Zurich, 1611, foL) :—De Origine et Progressu Controversice Sacramentarim de Cana Domini inter Lutheranos, Ubiquistas et Orthodoxos quos Zuinglianos seu Calrinistas vacant (Zur. 1602, fol.) : the Lutherans are strongly attacked by Hospinian in the work: — Sacrce Scripturw, orthodoxis symbolis, toii antiquitaii puriori, et ipsi etiam A ugustance Confessioni repugnantia, etc. (Zurich, 1609, foUo). This work gave rise to great controversy. Frederick YV, elector of the Palatinate, blamed Hospinian strongly, and Leonard Hutter answered this and the preceding work in his Concordia Coneors ('\^'ittemb. 1614, folio). Hospinian intended to answer Hutter, but gave up the idea lest he should displease the Protestant princes and embitter the coutroversv, which was very agreeable to the Koman
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Catholic party: — Historia Jesuilica (Zurich, 1619, foL), a very valuable work: — An Anima sit in toto corpore simuli Be Immortalitate ejus {Zuiich,lb86, Uo). A complete edition of Hospinian's works was published by J. H. Heidegger at Geneva (1GG9-81, 7 vols. foL), con- taining a full memoir. See Fabricius, Historia Bibl. pt. i, p. 319, 350 ; pt. ii, p. 510, 511 ; pt. iii, p. 87, 88 ; Dupin, Bibl. des A uteurs separes de la communion Romaine, etc. (Paris. 1718); Pierer, Universal-Lexihon, s. v.; Herzog, Re d-Ki>c>ikli}p. s. v. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxv, "211 ; ISavlo, Historical Diet, iii, 502; Darling, Encyclop. Biblio,/. "vol. i. See Hl-tter. (J. N. P.)