Inchantment. See Enchantment. Inchofer, Melchioh, a German Jesuit, was born at Vienna or at Gunz (Hungary) in 1584. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1607, and studied philosophy, math- ematics, and theology at Jlessina, where he afterwards instructed. In 1G36 he went to Eome, and became a member of the Congregation of the Index and of the Holy Office, but was called from thence to the college at Macerata in 164G. He died in 1G48 at IMUan. His principal works are Epistoke B.Marioi ad Messaneitses Veritas vindicata (1G29) : — Ilistoria sacrce Latinitatis (1G3G) : — Annales ecclesiastici regni Ilungarice (1G44) (incomplete). Under the pseudonyme of Eugenius La- vande Ninevensis he defended his order and its educa- tional system against the attacks of Scioppius (Schopp), in refutation of whom he wrote several pamphlets (1G38- 1641). He was also believed to be the author of the Monarchia Solipsoi-um (Venice, 1652 ; French transla- tion, Amst. 1722, 12mo) ; but Oudin proved, in an edition of Niceron, that this work is the production of count Scotti of Piacenza, who entered the order in 161G, but became discontented, and retired from it in 1645. See Niceron, ^f em. pour servir, etc., xxxv, 322-346 ; xxxix, 165-230 ; Herzog, Eeal-Enci/Hoj). vi, 648 ; Bavle, Bist. Diet, iii, 563 sq. ; Tkeol Univ. Lex. i, 405.
Ilicineratio is a name in the Romish Church for the consecration of a certain quantity of ashes, and the sprinkling of them over the heads of the oflficiating cler- gy and the worshipping congregation, with the follow- ing admonition, pronounced by the officiating priest: " aiemonto quod cinis es, et in cinerem reverteris" (Re- member that dust thou art, and unto dust thou shalt re- turn). The custom is believed to have originated with Gregory the Great (towards the close of tlie 6th cen- tury), but it was not fully established till towards the end of the 12th centurj% when it received the sanction of pope Celestine III. Gregory the Great is in all prob- abiUty also the founder of Ash- Wednesday, which is supposed to derive its name from the above" ceremonial service generally performed on that dav. See Riddle, Christian Antiquities, p. 667; Siegel, Il'andb. d. Christ. - Kirchl. A Iterth. i, 141 ; Eadie, Eccles. Diet. p. 324. See Ashes ; Ash-"\Vednesday.
Incipientes (beginners) is one of the names by which the catechumens of the early Christian Cliiu-ch were called. See Catechumens.
Inclination is the propensity of the mind to any particular ofiject or action ; a kind of bias by which it is carrietl towards certain actions previous to the exer- cise of thought and reasoning about the nature and con- sequences of them. Inclinaticms are of two kinds, nat- ural or acquired. 1. Natural are such as we often see in children, who from their earliest years differ in their tempers and dispositions. Of one we may say he is natiurally revengeful ; of another, that he is patient and forgiving. 2. Acquired inclinations are such as are su- perinduced by custom, which are called habits, and these are either good or evil. — Buck, Theol. Diet. See Hab- it; Will.
Incluse. See Anaciiorp:ts.
In CcBiia Domini (Lat. at the Lord's Supper, the opening words of the document) is the name of a cele- brated papal bull. " It is not, as other bidls, the work of a single pope, but, with additions and modifications at various times, dates back from the Middle Ages; some ^vTiters tracing it to Martin V, others to Clement V, and some to Boniface VIII. Its present form, how- ever, it received from the popes Julius II and Paul III, and, finally, from Urban VIII, in 1G27, from that time it continued for a century and a half to be published annually on Holy Thursday," whence its name ; after- wards Easter Monday was substituted. The contents of this bull have been a fertile subject of controversy. It may be briefly described as a summary of ecclesias- tical censures, especially against all heretical sects, which are cursed in it by their several designations, their excommunication renewed, and the same punishment threatened to all who shoidd be guilty of schism, sacri- lege, usurpation of the rights of the Church or of the pope, forcible and unlawful seizure of Church property, personal violence against ecclesiastics, milawful inter- ruption of the free intercourse of the faithful with Rome, etc. The bull, however, although, as indicated, mainly dealing with offences against the Church, also denoun- ces, under similar censures, the crimes of piracy, plmi- der of shipwrecked goods, forgery, etc. This bull, being regarded by most of the crowned heads of Europe as an infringement of their rights, was in the 17th century opposed by nearly all the courts, even the most Roman Catholic ; and at length, in 1770, according to some au- thorities (e. g. Hase, History of the Christian Church), Clement XIV discontinued its publicatidn. Janus (Pope and Coimxil, p. 387), however, says that it is still treated in the Roman tribunals as having legal force, and, according to the accounts of some eminent travel- lers who have visited Rome, it appears that the sentence of excommunication is still read, though in a more sim- ple form. Eliza von dcr Recke (Tayehuch einer Beise durch einen Theil Dentsclilands n. d. Jtalien, Berlin, 1817, iv, 95), imder date of April G, 1806, relates that after the pope had blessed the people from the balcony of the church of St. Peter, "he read out a paper, then tore it, and threw the fragments down among the people. A great tumidt then arose, every one striving to secure a piece of the paper, but I do not know for what puqiose, for, as I was told, the paper contained nothing but the form of excommunication always pronomiced on this occasion against all who are not Romanists. This con- cluded the festival." This is confirmed by what chan- cellor Gottling, of Jena, relates as having seen in his journey in 1828 (in Rohr, Kritische rrediyerUhliothel; xi, 379 sq.). It thus seems proved that the bull itself, whose § xxi says: '• Volentes praesentes nostros proces- sus ac omnia et qusecunque his Uteris contenta, quous- que aUi hiuusmodi processus a Nobis aut Romano-Pon- tifice pro tempore existente fiant aut publicentur, durare suosque effectus omnino sortiri," is not completely abol- ished yet. No pope has so far substituted a new buU for the old, and its principles conceniiiig the cases re-