Inglis, John, D.D., a Scotch divine, was born about 1763. He was at one time minister at the Grayfriars' Church, Edinburgh. He died in 1884. Inglis is known as the author of a Defence if Ecclesiastical Estahlish- ments, and a Vindication <fthe christian Faith (Edinb. 1830, 8vo.).— Allibone, JJi'ct. of Authors, i, 932; Black- icood's Mar/azine, xxv, 109.
Ingraham, Ira, a Congregational minister, was born at Cornwall, Vt., Dec. 1, 1791, and educated at Middle- burj' College, where he graduated in 1 81 5. After teach- ing for a time in the Southern States, pursuing also his theological studies, he was licensed to preach by the Addison Association, Addison, Yt., June 3, 1819. May, 1820, the Congregational church in Orvill was offered him, and he was there ordained June 20, 1820. He left this charge in 1822, and after supplying several pulpits, and acting for a brief period as agent of the " Presbyte- rian Education Society," he was installed over the Con- greg.it innal church at \Yest Bradford, iSIass., Dec. 1, 1824. In l.s.so he removed to Brandon, Yt., and in 1834 left that place to assume the duties of secretary of the Yermont Domestic ^Missionary Society. In 1839 he accepted a call to the Presbyterian Church at Lyons, N. Y. In 1«48 he returned to the church at Brandon, l)ut declined to be reinstalled, and fiually accepted the (losition as agent of the '• Society for the promotion of Collegi.ite and The- ological Education at the \Yest," making Western New York his field of labor. He retired from this and all other active work five years after, and onlv preaclied at intervals. He died April 9, 1804. Ingraham published
five sermons ( l.s2(>, 1843, 1844, 1847. and 1848) Congre-
ijationid dnarterh/, 1864, p. 300. (J. H. W.)
Ingram, Poukkt, an English divine, was born at Beverley, in Yorkshire, March 9, 1726-7. He was edu- cated at Cor|ius Christi College. Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship, and took his degrees in arts. His
first preferment was to the perpetual curacy of Brid- hurst, in Kent, next the living of Orston, in Notting- hamshire, and afterwards the vicarages of Wormington and Boxted, in Essex. He died in 1804. Mr. Ingram wrote A View of the Great Events of the Seventh Plague, or Period when the Mystery of God shall be finished: — Accounts of the Ten Tribes of Israel being in America ; originally published by JIanasseh ben-Israel : — A Com- plete and Uniform Explanation of the Prophecy of the Seven Vials of Wrath. See Hook, Eccles. Biography ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxv, 871. (J. N. P.)
Ingulphus, the celebrated abbot of Croyland, long considered the author of the Ilisloria Monasterii Croy- landensk, is supposed to have been born at London about A.D. 1030. According to the account of his life in his histon,', he was educated at the University of Oxford. He was a great favorite of Edgitha. the wife of Edward the Confessor, and visited duke William of Normandy at his own court in 1051. About 1064 he went on a pil- grimage to the Holy Land. On his return he entered the monastery of Fontanelle, in Normandy, and there remained till 1076, when he was invited to England by the Conqueror, and made abbot of Croyland. lie died Dec. 17, 1109. The Ilistoria Monasterii Croylandensis was printed by Savile (in the collection Saipt.) at Lon- don in 1596, and in a more complete edition by Gale {Rer. Angl. Script. Vet.), at Oxford, in 1684. An Eng- lish translation of it was furnished by Riley in Bohn's Antiquarian Library. " Some writers, even, of the last century questioned the entire genuineness of the book, though scepticism did not often proceed further than the hypothesis of interjiolations by a later writer; but in 1826, the late Sir Francis I'algrave, in an article in the Quarterly Review, endeavored to prove that the whole so-called history was little better than a novel, and was probably the composition of a monk in the IStli or 14th centur\'. His conclusions have been, on the whole, al- most universally adoj ted." See Chambers, Cyclopmdia, V, 579 ; Wetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, v, 625 sq. (J. H. W.)
Inheritance (frequently p^!l, che'lel; a "^;o?7w;i" or providential bestowment ; but properly and usually some form of the verbs 'C'^'^, yarush, to possess; 'HJ^ nachal, to possess ; K\i]povo^ku), to get by lot). God, as the creator of the earth, gave it to man to be held, cul- tivated, and enjoyed (Gen. i, 28 sq.; Psa. cxv, 16; Ec- cles. v, 9) ; not to any favored portion of our race, but to the race itself— to man as represented by our great pri- mogenitor, to whom the use of the divine gift was first graciously vouchsafed. The impression which the orig- inal gift of the earth was calculated to make on men, the Great Donor was pleased, in the case of Palestine, to render, for his own wise purposes, more decided and emphatic by an express re-donation to the patriarch Abraham (Gen. xiii, 14 sq.). Many years, however, elapsed before the promise was fulfilled. ]\Ieanwhile the notices which we have regarding the state of property in the patriarchal ages are few and not very definite. The products of the earth, however, were at an early pe- riod accumulated and held as property. Yiolence in- vaded the possession : opposing violence recovered the goods. War soon sprang out of the passions of the human heart. The necessity of civil government was felt. Consuetudinary laws accordingly developed them- selves. The head of the family was supreme. His will was law. The physical superiority which he possessed gave him this dominion. The same influence would se- cure its transmission in the male rather than the female line. Hence, too, the rise of the rights of primogeni- ture. In the early condition of society which is called patriarchal, landed jiroperty had its origin, indeed, but could not be held of first importance by those who led a Avanderir.g life, shifting continually, as convenience sug- gested, from one spot to another. Cattle were then the cliief property (Gen. xxiv, 35). But land, if held, was i held on a freehold tenure ; nor could any other tenure