Cyril, in the 4th century, mentions it in a way which indicates that in his day tradition had altered, or that the valley was supposed to embrace a wider sweep of country than now, for he speaks of it as some furlongs east of Jerusalem — as bare, and fitted for equestrian ex- ercises (Reland, Palrestina, p. 355). Some old travellers say that it was "three miles in length, reaching from the vale of Jehinnon to a place without the city which they call the sepulchres of the kings" {Travels of Two Englishmen two centuries ago). Some of the old trav- ellers— such as Felix Fabri, in the 15th century — call it Cele, from the Koilas of Eusebius and the Coelas of Je- rome; and they call that part of the Kidron which is connected with it Crimirius or Krinarius — the place of judgment {Evag. i, 871). We may add that these old writers extend this valley considerably upwards, jilacing (Jethsemane and the traditional tomb of the Virgin in it. They seem to have divided the Kidron bed into
JEHOSHEBA
809
JEHOVAH
two parts : the lower, called the valley of Siloam or Si- loe ; the upper, the valley of Jehoshaphat, from which the eastern gate of the city in early times was called, not, as now, St. Stephen's, but " the gate of the valley of Je- hoshaphat."
The present valley of Jehoshaphat occupies the Kid- ron hollow and the adjoining acclivities on both sides. Its limits have not been detined, but it is supposed to begin a little above the fountain of the Virgin (Um ed- Deraj), and to extend to the bend of the Kidron, under Scopus. 'J'he acclivity to the eastern wall of Jerusalem is — at least towards the top — a Turkish burying-ground ; and the white tombs, with the Koran (in stone) at the one end, and a turban at the other, look picturesque as they dot for several hundred yards the upper part of the slnpp. Thf nth^r accli^'ity, ascending the steep between Olntt and the Blount of Corruption, is crowded all over with Hat Jewish toinb'<, each with the Hebrew inscrip- tion, and speckled here and there with bushy olive- trees. 'I hu-i "Moslems and Jews occupy the valley of Jehoshaph It bttucm them, witli their dead looking
was a providential circumstance — "for she was the sis- ter of Aliaziah" (2 Chron. xxii, 11)— as inducing and jirobably enabling her to rescue the infant Jehoash from the massacre of his brothers. By her he and his nurse were concealed in the palace, and afterwards in the Tem- ple (2 Kings xi, 2, 3 ; 2 Chron. xxii, 1 1), where he was brought up probably with her sons (2'Chron. xxiii, 11), who assisted at his coronation. One of these was Zech- ariah, who succeeded her husband in his office, and was afterwards murdered (2 Chron. xxiv, 20). — Smith. Needless doubt has been thrown upon her marriage with Jehoiada (Newman, Ileh. Afonarch. p. 195), which is not expressly mentioned in Kings, as "a fiction of the chronicler to glorify his greatness." This, however, is certainly assumed in 2 Kings xi, 3, and is accepted by Ewald (Geschichte, iii, bib) as perfectly authentic. — Kit- to. See Jehoiada.
Jehosh'ua (Numb, xiii, IG), or Jehosh'uah (1 Chron. vii, 27). See Joshua.
Jeho'vah (i^in% Yekovak', Sept. usually o Kvqioq, Auth. Vers, usually " the Lord"), the name bj' which God was pleased to make himself known, under the cov- enant, to the ancient Hebrews (Exod. vi, 2, 3), although it was doubtless in use among the patriarchs, as it oc- curs even in the history of the cre- It ation (Gen. ii, 4). The theorj"^ of Sch^vind {Semilische Denkm. 1792), that the record is of later origin than the jNlosaic age, is based upon the false assumption that the Hebrews had previously been polytheistic. See Genesis; God.
I. Modern. Pronunciation of the Name. — Although ever since the time of Galatinus, a writer of the 16th cen- tury {De arcanis catholicce veritatis, lilj. 3) — not, as according to others, since Kaymund Martin (see Gusset.
^i\ Lex. p. 383)— it has been the almost
'lu \ ilk\ (if JehoMnphit fiom tlK s W , with the so-called Tomb^ of Ab- ""iversal custom to pronounce the «iil(iiii, Jtlio-hiphat, and ZcLluui.ih, the Jewish Burial-plot iii the fore- name HifT^ (in those copies where it ground, and the Mt. of Olives iu the background. t r v i^
across the Kidron into each others' faces, and laid there in the common belief that it was no ordinary privilege to die in Jerusalem and be buried in such a spot. The valley of the present day presents nothing remarkable. It is rough to the feet and barren to the eye. It is still, moreover, frequently a solitude, with nothing to break the loneliness but perhaps a passing shepherd with a few sheep, or a traveller on his way to Anata, or some inhabitant of Silwiin or Bethany going into the city l)y the gate of St. Stephen. Tombs, and olives, and rough, verdureless steeps are all that meet the eye on either side. — Fairbairn. See Jerusaleji.
Jehosh'eba (Heb. Yehoshe'ba, VydiTV^, Jehovah- siL-earing; Septuag. ' Ittxjajifi , Josephiis 'IwaafieSr]), the daughter of Jehoram, sister of Ahaziah, and aunt of Jo- ash, kings of Judah. The last of these owed his life to her, and his crown to her husband, the high-priest Je- hoiada (2 Kings xi, 2). In the parallel passage (2 Chron. xxii, 11) the name is written Jehoshabeath (r::'Z':Jin'^, Ye/wshabath' ; Sept. Tw<Ta/3fr). B.C. 882. See Jehoash, 1. Her name thus exactly corresponds in meaning to that of the only two otiier wives of Jew- ish priests who are known to us, viz. Elisheba, the wife