3. A uthor, Date, original iMngiiage, Canonieitg, etc. — The inscription claims the authorship of this epistle for Jeremiah, who, it is said, wrote it just as tlie Jews were going to Babylon, M-hich is generally reckoned to be the first year of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, or B.C. 606. This is the general opinion of the Roman Church, which, as a matter of course, regards it as canonical. But mod- ern critics, both Jewish and Christian, who deny tlie
power to anj^ Church to override internal evidence, and defy the laws of criticism, have shown satisfactorily that its original language is Greek, and that it Avas M-ritten by Hellenistic Jews in imitation of Jeremiah, ch. x and xxix. This is corroborated by the fact that this epistle does not exist in the Hebrew, was never included in the Jewish canon, is designated by Jerome, who knew more than any father what the Jewish canon contained, as ^(jfvciTTiypa(pog {Pi-oem. Commentar. in IIierom.\ was marked with obeli by Origen in his Hexapla, as is evi- dent from the note of Cod. Chislianus {Bapov\ '6\oq lojitKicTTui Kurd Toic 6), and was passed over by The- odoret, though he explained the book of Baruch. The date of this epistle cannot be definitely settled. It is generally supposed that 2 IMacc. ii, 2 alludes to this epis- tle, and that it must, therefore, be older than this book of Maccabees. Herzfeld {Geschichte d.V. Israel vor der Zerstorung des ersten Tempels, Brunswick, 1847, p. 310) infers from it the very reverse, namely, that this epistle was Avritten after the passage in 2 Mace, while Fritzsche and Davidson are utterly unable to see the appropriate- ness of the supposed reference. It is most probable that the writer lived towards the end of the Maccabasan pe- riod.
4. Literature. — Aniald, .1 Crlliad Commentary on the A2wcryj)hal Books, being a ('iniiiinKition of Patrick end Loicth ; Eichhorn, Einli itinig in die apokryph. Schriften des Alten Testaments (Lpz. 1795), p. 390 sq.; De "Wettc, Einleit. in d. Alte Testament, sec. 324; Fritzsche, Kiirz- gefasstes exegetisches I/andbuch z. d.Apoki: d. A It en Tes- tamentes, part i (Lpzg. 1851), p. 205 sq. ; Keil, Eirdeiiimg in das Alte Testament (1859), p. 731 sq.; Davidson, The Text of the Old Testinnent considered (London, 185()), ]i. 1038; also in Home's Introduction (London, 1850), ii, 1038, 1039.— Kitto. See Apocrypha.
JEREMIAH, Lamentations of. See Lamenta- tions OF Jeremiah.
8. A priest Mho accompanied Zerubbabel from Baby- lon to Jerusalem (Neh. xii, 1). B.C. 536.
9. One of those who followed the jirinces in the cir- cuit of the newly-repaired walls with the sound of trum- pets (verse 34) ; apparently the same with one of the priests who subscribed the sacred covenant along with Nehemiah (Neh. x,2). B.C. 44G-cir. 410. He was pos- sibly identical with No. 8.
Jeremiah II, iiatriarch of Constantinople, was born in 1536. He was elected patriarch May 5, 1572; in 1579 he was driven from his see, but after the death of jNIetrophanes (1 580) he regained his position. Short- ly after he was im]irisoned by order of the sultan on a charge of high treason. Liberated through the inter- vention of the ambassadors of France and Yciiice. he was again exiled to Rhodes in 1585. Finally, in ].i87, he was again reinstated in the patriarchate by paying 500 ducats yearly to the party who had held it during his exile. The Church funds had been so reduced in consequence of all these struggles that there was no money to meet the expenses for worship. Under these circumstances, Jeremiah was obliged to seek help from the czar, in return for which he was obliged to create the metropolitan of Moscow a patriarch. This was ac- cordingly done; but, Jeremiah having stopped at Kief on his return to IMoscow, a number of bishops, who had accompanied him on his journey, and who had vehe- mently opposed his course, left him, and joined the Church oi^ Rome. Some writers say that Jeremiah was persecuted for attempting to imite the Greek and the Latin churches. He was the patriarch with whom the Tubingen theologians entered into a correspondence in 1573, with the intention to bring over the Greek Church to the Reformers, and which resulted, as is Avell known, in the rejection of Luther's doctrines by the Greek Church. (See Clir. F. Schnurrer, Orationes acad.histo- riam. liter, ilhistraiites. ed. H. E. G. Paulus, Tub. 1828, p. 113 sq.). .Jeremiah II died in 1594. Hee Acta et Scrip- ta Theologoi-um W'irtcnibergeiisium et Patriarchal Con-
stuniinopolitani D. Ilieremiw (Wirteraberg, 1584); Acta
JEREMIAH
825
JERICHO
Orientalis Ecrh'sia' coiiirn Lutheri heresim, monunienlis, notis ac disscrtii/iniii/iii.-: ll/iintrata (Home, 1739). See also Sobranic (insniiiliir.-i. <iramot, yo\.ii; Haii!;okl, /)'f «- laf/en ziim neuceriindtiifn Jiusslutul (Kiga, 17G9), vol. i ; Levesque, IIist.de Russie, iii, 117 ; Vicissitudes de I'Eglise des deuxcriti's en Pologne et en Eussie, i, 47) ; Document relatif au Patriarcat Moscovite (Paris, 1857) ; Hoefcr, Nou'v.Biog. Generale, xxvi,G68. See Greek Chuuch.
Jeremiah, archbishop of Sens, flourished in the latter half of the 8th and the early part of the 9th cen- tury. Kut little is known of his personal history. He ■was the successor of Magnus in 818 to the ecclesiastical office, and is supposed to have died in 827. See lloefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxv, 667.
Jeremi'as ('lEpf^iat,), a Grajcizcd form of the name of two men.