2. The son and successor of Jehoash, and the four- teenth king of Israel, for a period of forty-one years, B.C. 823-782 (2 Kings xiv, 23). He followed the example of the first Jeroboam in keeping up the idolatry of the golden calves (2 Kings xiv, 24). Nevertheless, the Lord had pity upon Israel (2 Kings xiv, 26), the time of its ruin had not yet come, and this reign was long and flourishing, being contemporary with those of Amaziah (2 Kings xiv, 23) and Uzziah (2 Kings xv, 1) over Ju- dah. Jeroboam brought to a successful result the wars which his father had undertaken, and was always vic- torious over the Syrians (comp. 2 Kings xiii, 4 ; xiv, 26, 27). He even took their chief cities of Damascus (2 Kings xiv, 28; Amos i, 3-5) and Hamath, which had formerly been subject to the sceptre of David, and re- stored to the realm of Israel the ancient eastern limits from Lebanon to the Dead Sea (2 Kings xiv, 25 ; Amos vi, 14). Animon and Moab were reconquered (Amos i, 13; ii, 1-3); the Transjordanic tribes were restored to their territory (2 Kings xiii, 5 ; 1 Chron. v, 17-22). But it was merely an outward restoration. The sanctuary at Beth-cl was kept up in royal state (Amos vii, 13), while drunkenness, licentiousness, and oppression prevailed in the country (Amos ii, 6-8; iv, 1 ; vi, 6; Hos. iv, 12-14; i, 2), and idolatry was unitetl with the worship of Jeho- vah (Hos. iv, 13 ; xiii, G). During this reign lived the prophets Hosea (Hos. i, 1), Joel (comp. Joel iii, 16 with Amos i, 12), Amos (Amos i, 1), and Jonah (2 Kings xiv, 25). In Amos vii, 11, Amaziah, the high-priest of Beth- el, in reporting what he called the conspiracy of Amos against Jeroboam, represents the prophet as declaring that Jerolwam should ilie by the sword ; and some would regard this as a prophecy that had failed of its fulfil- ment, as there is no evidence that his death was other than natural, for he was buried witli his ancestors in state (2 Kings xiv, 29), although the interregnum of eleven years which intervened before the accession of his sonZechariah (2 Kings xiv, 23, comp. with xv, 8) argues some political disonler at the time of his death (see the Sliidkn iiml Ktilibn, 1847, iii, 648). But the probalnlity rather is tliat' the high-priest, who displayed the true spirit of a persecutor, gave an unduly specific and offensive turn to the words of Amos, in order to in- flame Jeroboam the more against him. The only pas- sages of Scripture where his name occurs are 2 Kings xiii, 13 ; xiv, 16, 23, 27, 28, 29 ; xv, 1, 8 ; 1 Chron. v, 17 ; Hos. i, 1 ; Amos i, 1 ; vii, 9, 10, 11 ; in all others the for- mer Jeroboam is intended. See Israel, kixgdoji ok.
Jero'hani (Heb. Yerocham', n"'"!'^, cherished), the name of several men.
1. (Sept. Tfpf/[(fi)X, 'Ifpo/3o«/t, 'Ifpfa/t.) The son of Elihu (Eliab, Eliel), and father of Elkanah, Samuel's father (1 Sam. i, 1 ; 1 Chron. vi. 27,34). B.C. ante 1142.
2. (Sept. 'hpodj.1 v. r. 'Ipori/t.) An inhabitant of Gedor, and f^Uher of Joelah and Zebadiah, two of the Benjamite archers who joined David's band at Ziklag (1 Chron. xii. 7). B.C. ante 1055.
3. (Sept. T(.jpa/x v. r. 'Inmad.) The father of Aza- reel, which latter was " captain" of the tribe of Dan un- der David and Solomon (1 Chron. xxvii, 22). B.C. ante 1017.
JEROME
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JEROME
4. (Sept. 'lojprtju.) Father of Azariah, which latter | is the rirst mentioned of the two of that name among the " captains of hundreds' with whom Jchoiada plan-. | ned the restoration of prince Jehoash to the throne (2 j Chron. xxiii, 1). B.C. ante 87G.
5. (Sept. 'hpodfi V. r. Ipoafj..) The father of sev- eral Benjamite chiefs resident at Jerusalem (1 Chron. viji, 27). B.C. apparently' ante 588. See No. 6.
6. (Sept. Itpodn V. r. lepo^iodfi.) The father of Ib- neiah which latter was one of the Benjamite chiefs res- ident'at Jerusalem (1 Chron. ix, 8). B.C. apparently ante 53G. Possibly identical with the preceding.
7. (Sept. Itpadfi v. r. Ipadfi.) The son of Pashur, and father of Adaiah, which last was one of the chief priests resident at Jerusalem (1 Chron. ix, 12). B.C. apparently ante 536.
8. (Sept. 'lepodfi.') The son of Pelaliah, and father of Adaiah, which last was one of the chief priests resi- dent at Jerusalem after the Exile (Neh. xi, 12). B.C. ante 440. Perhaps, however, this Jeroham was the same with No. 7.
Jerome (fully Latinized Soplironius Eusehius Ilie- ronymus), generally known as Saint Jerome, one of the most learned and able among the fathers of the Western Church, was born at Stridon, a town on the confines of Dalmatia and Pannonia (but whose site is now miknown, as the place was destroyed by the Goths in A.D. 377), at some period between 331 and 345— ac- cording to Schaff, it probably occurred near 345. His parents were both Christians. His early education was superintended by his father, after v»hich he studied Greek and Latin" rhetoric and philosojjhy under ^lius ' Donatiis at Rome. While a resident in this Christian city he was admitted to the rite of baptism, and decided to "devote his life, in rigid abstinence, to the service of his ^Master. It seems uncertain whether a visit which he made to Gaid was undertaken before or after this important event. At any rate, about 370 we find him at Treves and at Aquileia, busy in transcribing the com- mentaries of Hilarius on the Psalms, and a work on the synods by the same author ; and in composing his first theological essay, 7>e muliere septies jm-cussa, the letter to Innocentius. In 373 he set out on a journey to the East, in company with his friends Innocentius, Evagri- us, and Heliodorus, and finally settled for a time at An- tioch. During his residence at this place he was seized with a severe fever, and in a dream -which he had in this sickness he fancied himself called before the judg- ment bar of God, and as a lieathen Ciceronian (he had hitherto given much of his time to the study of the classical writers) so severely reprimanded and scourged that even the angels interceded for him from sympathy with his youth, and he himself was led to take the sol- emu row hereafter to forsake the stutly and reading of Avorldly books, a pledge which, however, he did not ad- liere to in after life. A marked religious fervor thence- forth animated Jerome; a devotion to monastic hab- its became the ruling principle, we might say the riding passion of his life he retired to the desert of Chalcia in 374, and there spent four years in penitential exercises and in study, paying particular attention to the acquirement of the Hebrew tongue. But his active and restless spirit soon brought him again upon the public stage, and involved him in all the doctrinal and ecclesiastical controversies of those controversial times. Sec jNIiiLHTius. In 379 he was ordained a presbyter b}' bishop Paulinus in Antioch, without receiving charge of a congregation, as he preferred the itinerant life of a monk and student to a fixed office. About 380 he journeyed to Constantinople, where, although past a student's age, he was not ashamed to take his seat at the feet of the celebrated (ircgory Naziauzen, and to listen to the anti-Arian sermons of this learned father of the Church. Indeed, the pupil and instructor soon became great friends; and there resulted from his study of the Greek language and literature, to which much of his time and attention was here devoted, several trans-