and miscellaneous (Lond. 1790, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Miscella- neous Observations upon Authors, ancient and laodeiTi (1731, 2 vols. 8vo) : — On Covetousness (Tracts of Angl. Fathers, iv, 226) ; and Remarks on Ecclesiastical His- tory, a work which is universally allowed to be curious, interesting, and impartial ; full of manly sense, acute- ness, and profound erudition. — English Cyclopcedia, s. v. ; Allibone, Z'lc^io/ia/-^ of English and American Authors. s. v. (E. de P.)
Jos'abad, a less correct form for 1. Jozabad (q.v.), a, 1 Chron. xii, 4; 6 ('lw?a/3ooe v. r. '\^l)<7ajiluQ), 1 Esdr. viii, 63 ; compare Ezra viii, 33. 2. For Zabdai (lu}Z,d^COQ V. r. 'IwaajiaSoQ, 'UZ,ajia5oQ, and Za/35oc), 1 Esdr. ix, 29; comp. Ezra x, 28.
Jos'aphat (Twtrn^ar), a Grsecized form (IMatt. i, 8) of the name of Jehoshapiiat (q. v.), king of Judah,
Josaphi'as ('Iwaa^iar), a GrfEcized form (1 Esdr. viii, 36) of the name Josiphiah (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra viii, 10).
Joscelin, bishop of Soissons, a rival of Abelard, and one of the most distinguished teachers in Paris, was bom in the latter part of the 11th century. In 1115 he be- came archdeacon of Soissons, and in 1126 succeeded Lisiard as bishop of that see. He took part in the councils of Tro3'es and Rouen, and in the coronation of king Philip. In 1131 Innocent II sent him, together with St. Bernard, on a mission to the archbishop and to the count of Bortleaux. On his return in 1132 he found- ed the abbey of Longpont. In 1140 he was one of the judges of Abelard at the Council of Sens, and at the Council of Paris in 1147 was commissioned to inquire into the propositions attributed to Gilbert de la Porree. He died Oct. 25, 1152. Joscelin enjoyed great reputa- tion for learning and wisdom, and in his diocese fulfilled all the duties of his charge with scrupulous faithfulness. He wrote an Expositio symboli and an Expositio Ora- tionis Dominicce, both of which were published in Mar- tene and Diurand's Amplissima Collectio, ix, 1101, 1111 , Martene,yl necc/o/a, p. 434, gives also two of his letters. See Gallia Chnst. ix, 357 ; Hist. Lift, de la France, xii, 412.— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxvi, 948. (J. N. P.)
Joscius (called also Jodocus, Joscioxus, Josceli- Nus, JosTHO, and Gotho), a French Roman Catholic prelate, became bishop of St. Brieuc in 11.50. In 1157 he was translated to the see of Tours, and immediately began to quarrel with the convents of his diocese, till king Lotus VII was obliged to interfere. When Fred- erick Barbarossa pretended to judge the claims of the rival popes, Victor and Alexander, Joscius was sent to the latter by England and France to assure him of their support and bring him to France. In 1167 Joscius was the prelate who, after the murder of Thomas ii Becket, was commissioned by the pope to excommunicate the king of England. It was Joscius also who, when Henry had received absolution in 1172, went to him at Caen, and public!}' declared him reconciled to tlie Church. He died in 1173 or 1174. See Gallia Christ, vol. xiv, col, 89, 1088, — Hoefer, Nouv. Biogr. Generale, xxvi, 949.
Jo'sd (\ix)a)), or, rather, 'Iwcrj), Gen. oi'lioaifc, lo- ses), the son of Eleazar and father of Er, among the maternal ancestors of Christ, unmentioned in the O. T. (Luke iii, 29). B.C. between 876 and 628. See Gkne- ALOGY OF Jesus Christ.
Jos'edec ('Iwirt^k-), a Gr»cized form (1 Esdr. v, 5, 48, 56; vi, 2; ix, 19; Ecclus. xlix, 12) of the name of JosEDECH (q. V.) the high-priest (Hag. i, 1).
Jo'seph (Heb. Yoseph', ClOi"^, containing, accord- ing to Gen. XXX, 23, 24, a two-fold significance [the two Heb. roots coinciding in form in Hiphil], remover, from r]DX, and increase?; from C|D^, the latter favored by the uncontracted or Chaldaistic form Yehoseph', ~Oin\ oc- curring only Psa. Ixxxi, 6 ; Sept. and N, T, 'l<.o<yi]<p', i. q. ./osephus), vhe name of several men in the Scriptures and Josephus, all doubtless after the first of the name,
JOSEPH
1013
JOSEPH
■whose beautiful history is told at length in the Scrip- tures with inimitable simplicity. See also Josephus.
1. The elder son of Jacob and Rachel, born (B.C. 1913 ; comp. Gen. xli, 4G) under peculiar circumstances, as may be seen in Gen. xxx, 22; on which account, and because he was the son of his old age (xxxvii, 3), he was beloved by his father more than were the rest of his children, though Benjamin, as being also a son of Jacob's favorite wife Kachel, was hi a peculiar manner dear to the patriarch. The partiality evinced towards Joseph by his father excited jealousy on the part of liis brethren, the rather as they were born of different mothers (xxxvii, 2). Jacob at this time had two small pieces of land in Canaan, Abraham's burying-place at Hebron in the south, and the " parcel of a field, where he [Jacob] had spread his tent" (xxxiii, 19), at She- chem in the north, the latter being probably, from its price, the lesser of the two. He seems then to have staid at Hebron with the aged Isaac, ^vhile his sons kept his flocks.