JOSES
1025
JOSHUA
fourth book of the Maccabees (Fabricius, /. c). There are, besides these, also attributed to him : — G. The treat- ise ntpi rov navTuc, which was certainly not written by Josephus. For an account of it, see Photius, Cod. xlviii ; Fabricius, L'ibl. Grcec. v, 8 ; Ittigius, Prolegomena, ad tin. : — 7. Jerome {Prcrf. ad Lib. xi Comm. ad Esai- am) speaks of a work of one Josephus mi Daniel's vision of the seventy weeks, but he probably refers to some other Josephus : — S. At the end of his A idiquities Jose- phus mentions hfii intention of writing a work in four books on the Jewish notions of God and his essence, and on the rationale of the Mosaic laws, but this task he never accomplished. At any rate, the works have not come down to us. (See Whiston's note, A nt. ad fin. ; Fa- bricius, Bibl. Grcec. v, 9.)
The writings of Josephus first appeared in print in a Latin translation, with no notice of the place or date of pubUcation: the edition seems to have contained only a portion of the AtitiqitHies. These, with the seven books of the Jewish War, were reprinted by Schiisler (Augsb. j 1470) in Latin; and there were many editions in the same language of the whole works, and of portions of them, before the editio princeps of the Greek text ap- peared at Basel, 1544, edited bj' Arlenius. Since then the works of Josephus have frequently been printed, both in the Greek and in many other languages. One of the most valuable editions is that by Hudson (Oxf. 1720, 2 vols. fob). The text is founded on a most care- ful and extensive collation of MSS., and the edition is further enriched by notes and indices. The principal English versions are those of Lodge (Lond. 1602) ; one from the French of D'Andilly (Oxford, 1G7G, reprinted at London, 1683); that of L'Estrange (Lond. 1702), and that of Whiston (London, 1737). The two last-men- tioned versions have frequently been reprinted in vari- ous shapes. See, besides the authorities already no- ticed, Griitz, Geschichte d.Juden, iii, 399 sq. ; AYeber and Holtzmann, Gesch. d. Judenth. ii, 467 sq. ; Jost, Gesch. d. Judenth. u. s. Sekten, i, 225, 319, 444; De Wette, Ilebr. jiid. A rchdologie, p. 9 ; Ewald, Gesch. Christus (1855), p. 104 sq. ; Milman, Hist, of the Jews, vol. ii (see Index in vol. iii) ; Smith, Did. Gr. and Rom. Biog. s. v. ; Fiirst, Bibliotheca Judaica, ii, 117 sq. (J. H. W.)
Jo'ses ('Iw(7/)ci perhaps for Joseph, which is some- times thus written in the Talmud, "^oii for r)01^; see Lightfoot on Acts i, 23; and, indeed, 'Iwcr/j^ actually appears in some codices for 'Iwaijg in Matt., ]\Lirk xv, and Acts ; but better MSS. have 'Iwawz/e in Matt, xiii ; others have 'JijrrovQ in Luke), the name of two or three persons in the New Testament.
1. Erroneously in the A. Y. (Luke iii, 29) "Jose" (q.V.).
2. The son of Mary and Cleopas, and brother of James the Less, of Simon, and of Jude, and, consequently, one of those who are called " the brethren" of our Lord (Matt, xiii, 55 ; xxvii, 56 ; Mark vi, 3 ; xv, 40, 47). See J^vaiES; Jude. He was the only one of these brethren who was not an apostle — a circumstance which has given occasion to some unsatisfactory conjecture. It is, perhaps, more remarkable that three of them were apos- tles than that the fourth was not. A.D. 28. — Kitto. See Jesus Christ.
3. (Acts iv, 36.) See Barnabas.
Jo'shah (Heb. Yoshah', tld'T^, prob. establisher ; Sept. 'Iwirinc, v. r. 'laiaia ; Yulg. Josa), son of Ama- ziah, and one of the chief Simeonites, the increase of whose family induced them to migrate to the valley of Gedor, whence thev expelled the aboriginal Hamites (1 Chron. iv, 34). B.C.cir.711.
Josll'apliat (1 Chron. xi, 43). See Jeiiosha-
PHAT, 1.
Joshavi'ah (Heb. Yoshavyah', n^ld'T^, Je/wt-oA is mtfficient, otherwise i. q. Josibiah ; Sept. 'luxyia ; Yulg. Josaja), son of Elnaam, and (with his brother Jeribai) one of David's famous body-guard (I Chron. xi, 46). B.C. 104G.
lY.— T T T
Joshbek'ashah (Heb. Yoshbekashah' , ndpSwi"', prob. fur iT^^i^S '2^^'', seat in hardness ; Sept. i;t/i(((cai- Tuv and 'It^sjiaKUTav v. r. 'liafiaaaKci ; Vulg. Jesbacas- sa), one of the sons of Heman, and leader of the seven- teenth division of Temple musicians (1 Chron. xxv, 4, 24). B. C. 1014.
Jo'sheb-bas'sebeth (Heb. Yosheb'-bash-She'beth, n2Tl"3 2i;3"i, sittinff in the session, i. e. cotmcil ; Sept. 'It/Joff^E; Yulg. sedens in cathedra; Auth.Vers. "that sat in the seat"), the chief of David's three principal heroes (2 Sam. xxiii, 8) ; called in the parallel passage (1 Chron. xi, 11) Jashobeam (q. v.).
Josh'ua (Heb. Yehoshu'd, i'^ldin';', Jehovah is his help, or Jehovah the Saviour, according to Pearson, On the Creed, art. ii, p. 89, ed. 1843 ; Sept., N. T., and Jose- phus 'lr]aovQ; Auth. Ycrs. " Jehoshua" in Numb, xiii, 16, and " Jehoshuah" in 1 Chron. vii, 27 ; " Jesus" in Acts vii, 45 ; Heb. iv, 8 , comp. Jeshua ; Jesus), the name of several men.
1. The son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, the as- sistant and successor of Moses, whose history is chiefly contained in the book that bears his name. His name was originally Hoshea (^'din, salvation. Numb, xiii, 8), and it seems that the subsequent alteration of it by ]\Ioses (Numb, xiii, 16) was significant, and proceeded on the same principle as that of Abram into Abraham (Gen. xvii, 5), and of Sarai into Sarah (Gen. xvii, 15). In Neh. viii, 17, he is called by the equivalent name Jeshua (^id"^, salvation^. See Jesus.