V. Literature. — It has already been remarked that the Hebrew original of tliis book is lost. Chapters xxxiv and xxxv are, however, preserved from Mllrash Vajisau, in Midrcish Jalkut Sabbat, section Bereshith, exxxiii, as has been pointed out by Jellinek (see be- low) ; and Treuenfels has shown parallels between other parts ot the book of Jubilees and the llagada and Mid- rashim in the Literaturblatt des Orients, 1846, p. 81 sip The Greek version of this book, which was made at a v-ery earh^ period of the Christian tera, as is evident from Clement's Recognit. cap. xxx-xxxii, though Epi- phanius (.1 dv. Ilwres. lib. i, cap. iv, vi ; lib. ii ; torn, ii, cap. Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv) and St. Jerome (in Epistola ad Fa- biulani de mansionibus, JMansio xviii on Numb, xxxiii, 21, 22; Mansio xxiv on Numb, xxxiii, 27, 28) are the first who mention it by name, was soon lost in the West- ern Church, but it still existed in the Eastern Church, and was copiously used in the Chronographia of Geor- gius Syncellus and Georgius Cedrenus, and quoted sev- eral times by Joannes Zanoras and INIichael Glycas, By- zantine theologians and historians of the 11th and 12th centuries (compare Fabricius, Codex Pseud. -epigraph. V. Test. p. 851-863 ; Dillmann, in Ewald's Jahrbuch. iii, 94 sq.). From that time, however, the Greek version was also lost, and the book of Jubilees was quite unknown to Euroiieans till 1844, when Ewald announced in the Zeit- srhrij'tftir die Kiimie des Morgenlandes, p. 176-179, that Dr. Kraplf had found it preserved in the Abyssinian church in an Ethiopic translation, and brought over a IMS. copy which was made over to the Tubingen Uni- versity. This Ethiopic version v.-as translated into Ger- man by Dillmann in Ewald's Jahrbitcher, ii, 230-256, and iii, 1-96 (Giittingen, 1849-51), and Ewald at once nsed its contents for the new edition of his Geschichte d. Volkes Israel (vol. i, Gotting. 1851, p. 271 ; vol. ii, 1853,
p. 294). This was scasonaljly followed by .Jellinek's edi- tion of the Midrash Vajisau, with an erudite preface in Beth Ua-Midrash, vol. iii (Leipzig, 1855) ; next by the learned treatises of Beer, Das Buck der Jubilaen und seinVerhaltniss zu den Midrasrhim, 1856; and Frankel, Da^ Buchd. Jubilaen (in the M unatssch-ift f. Geschkhte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, v, 311-310, 380-400); then by another masterly production by Beer, entitled Nuch ein Wo}-t iiber das Buch der Jubilaen (in Frankel's Monatsschrift, 1857) ; and strictures on the works of Jel- linek, Beer, and Frankel, by Dillmann, in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen viorgenldndischen Gesellschaft, xi (Leipzig, 1857), 101 sq. Kriiger, too. published an article on Dh Chronologic im Bncln- ih r .hdnU'K n. in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenlandis,li<,i C, .<, Il.^chaft, xii (Lpz. 1858), 279 sq., and Dillmann at lust pulilished the Ethiopic it- self (Kiel and London, 1859).— Kitto, s. v.
Ju'cal (Jer. xxxviii, 1). See Jkhucal.
Ju'da ('lo/'cJa, merely the Genitive case of 'lovcaq, the Griecized i'orm of Judah), an incorrect Anglicizing of the name Judas or Jl'dau in several passages of the Auth.Yers. See also Judk.
1. The patriarch Ji-daii, son of Jacob (Susan. 56; Lidce iii, 33; Ileb. vii, 14 ; Iter, v, 5; vii, 5). For the "city of Juda" (i. c. the tribe of Judah), in Luke i, 39,
see JUTTAH.
2. The son of Joseph, and father of Simeon, in Christ's maternal ancestry (Luke iii, 30); probably the same with Adaiah, the father of Maaseiah, which latter was one of the Jewish centurions who aided Jehoiada in re- storing Joash to the throne (2 Chron. xxiii, 1). B.C. ante 876. See Genealogy of Christ.
3. The sou of Joanna, and father of Joseph (Luke iii, 26), another of Christ's maternal ancestors; probably identical with Abiud, the father of Eliakim, among Christ's paternal ancestry (Matt, i, 13) ; and likewise with Obauiaii, the son of Arnan, and father of Shecha- niah (1 Chron. iii, 21). B.C. ante 406. (See Strong's Harm, and Expos, of the Gospels, p. 16, 17.)
4. One of the Lord's brethren, enumerated in JIark vi, 3. See JosES ; Joseph. On the question of his iden- tity with Jude, the brother of James, one of the twelve apostles (Luke vi, 16; Acts i, 13), and with the author of the general epistle, sec James. In Matt, xiii, 55, his name is given more correctly in the A. Vers, as Jldas.
Juda (or Juda) Leo. See Judah Leo.
Judas'a ('lov^a/n, fern, of 'lovdaioq, Jew or Jetcisk, sc. land; once in A.V. for Chald. I^H^, Judah, Ezra v, 8; "Jewry," LidvC xxiii, 5; John vii, 1), the southeni- most of the three divisions of the Holy Land. It de- noted the kingdom of Judah as distinguished from that of Israel. See Judah. But after the captivity, as most of the exiles who returned belonged to the kingdom of Judah, the name Judiea (Judah) was applied generally to the whole of Palestine west of the Jordan (Hag. i, 1, 14;-ii, 2). Under the Ifomans, in the time of Christ, Palestine was divided into (Jalilee, Samaria, and Jud«a (John iv, 4, 5 ; Acts ix, 31), the last including the whole of the southern part west of the Jordan. But this divi- sion was only observed as a political and local distinc- tion, for the sake of indicating the part of the country, just as we use the name of a county (Matt, ii, 1, 5; iii, 1 ; iv, 25 ; Luke i, 65) ; but when the whole of Palestine was to be indicated in a general way, the term Jud»a was still employed. Thus persons in Galilee and else- where spoke of going to Judaja (John vii. 3; xi, 7), to distinguish the part of Palestine to which they were proceeding; but when persons in Rome and other places spoke of .Jud:ca (Acts xxviii, 21), they used the word as a general denomination for the countrj- of the Jews, or Palestine. Indeed, the name seems to have had a mfire extensive application than even to Palestine west of the Jordan. It denoted all the dominions of Herod the Great, who was called the king of Judjea ; and much of these lay beyond the river (comp. Matt, xix, 1 , Mark