4, The fourth district is the Wilderness (^Midbar, which here and there only appears to be synonymous with Arubah), the sunken district immediately adjoin- ing the Dead Sea (Josh, xv, 6), averaging ten miles in breadth, a wild, barren, uninhabitable region, fit only to afford scanty pasturage for sheep and goats, and a secure home for leopards, bears, wild goats, and outlaws (1 Sam, xvii, 34 ; Mark i, 13 ; 1 Sam. xxii, 1 sq.). Dif- ferent sections of it were called by different names, as " Wilderness of Engedi" (1 Sam. xxiv, 1) ; " Wilderness of Judah" (Judg. i,lG) , " Wilderness of Maon" (1 Sam. xxiii, 24 ; see art. Desert). It was the training-ground of the shepherd-warriors of Israel, "where David and his mighty men" were braced and trained for those feats of daring courage which so highly distinguished them. See Bethlehem ; David. It contained only six cities, which must have been either, like Engedi, on the edge of the cliffs overhanging the sea, or else on the higher slopes of the basin. The " city of Salt" may have been on the salt plains, between the sea and the cliffs which form the southern termination to the Ghor.
Nine of the cities of Judah were allotted to the priests (Josh, xxi, 9-19). The Levites had no cities in the tribe, and the priests had none out of it. — Kitto; Smith.
The following is a tabulated view of these subdivisions of the tribe, with the cities in each group, as laid down in Josh, XV, 21-G3 :
I. "The South" {.
1. Kabzeel.
2. Edcr.
3. J.igtir.
4. Kluah.
,5 Dimonah, 6. Adadah.
!), or Simeonitish portion.
17 and 18. Bealoth or Balah (Ramath - Nekeb), and Biz.joth -jah - Baalnh (Baalath-beer or Lehi).
19, Tim,
20. Azein.
T. Kertesh (Kadesh-Barnea). 21. Eltolad.
S. Hazor. 22, Chesil or Bethul.
9 and in. Ithn.iu-Ziph or 23. Ziklag.
Zephath, and Hormah 24. Madmannah or Beth- (Hazor-addah). niarcaboth.
11. TelenV. 25. Sansanuah or Ilazor-su-
12. Shema or Sheba (Ilazor- sah.
shual). 26, Lebaoth orBeth-lebaoth,
13. Moladah, 27. Shilhim or Shamha.
14. Heshmon or Azmou, 2S and 29. Ain-Rimmon or 1.5. Beth-palet. En-rimmon.
16, Beersheba,
The villages (1.) Hazor-hadattah and (2.) Kerioth-hez- ron, or Hazor-amam, both belonged to Hazor proper; (3.) Hazor-gaddah to Hazor-shual,
JUDAH
1050
JUDAH
Also [1.] Ether aud [2.] Ashan out of the "plain" sub- division. II. "The Valley" (nbS'i'tl), or Plain.
a. First group— N.W. corner.
1. Eshtaol. 9- Adullam.
2. Zoreah. 10. Socoh.
3. Ashna.
4. Zauoah.
5. En-gannim,
6. Tappuah.
7. Euain. S. Jarmuth.
b. Second group— south of the above, iu the west part of the tribe.
1. Zenan. 10. Cabbou,
2. Hadashah. 11. Lahmara.
3. Migdal-gad. 12. Kithlish. ^•D*'^"'"- lB.Gederoth ) ^^^ "l ^opu-
11. Azelvah.
12. Sharaim.
13. Adithaiiu.
14. Gederah and Gedero-
thaim.
lative be- tween.]
7. Eshtemoh.
8. Anim.
9. Goshen.
10. Holon.
11. Giloh.
JSheel) [no 1 copulative 1^- Beth-dagouf
7. Lachish | between.] 15. Naamah,
8. Bozkath. 16. Makkedah.
9. Eglon.
c. Third group— E. of group ft aud S. of group a; in the
middle of t,he tribe, E. of the road from Eleutheropo-
lis to Jerusalem. 1. Libnah. «- Nezib.
(2.) Ether. 7. Keilah.
(3.) Ashau. S. Achzib.
4. Jiphiah. 9. Mareshah.
5. Ashuah.
d. Fourth group— Philistine pentarchy, on the Mediter- ranean shore.
1. Ekron (really in Dan). 3. Gaza.
2. Ashdod.
etc. (Ashkelon, and Gath [the last=Mizpeh, really in the "valley"]).
in. "The Mountains" (1'7'7), or Highland, a. First group — along the border of Simeon, in the middle.
1. Shamir.
2. Jattir.
3. Socoh.
4. Dan nab.
5. Kirjath-sannah=Debir.
6. An ah.
6. Second group— N. of group a, in the southern part of the tribe, around Hebron.
1. Arab. 6. Aphekah.
2. Diiniah. 7. Hunitah.
3. EshcMii. 8. Kir.iath-arba=Hebron.
4. Jan urn. 9. Zior.
5. Betli-tappuah.
c. Third group— E. of group ft. I.Maon )[no 1 copulative 6. Jokdeam. 2.Carmel,' between.] g' Cain U"'' '^ *=°P"'''- 3- Ziph. g; oi,,e,,h f tive between.] tjezreei. 10. Timnah.
d. Fourth group— K. of groups b and c, to Jerusalem on
the N. boundary. I.nalhiil ) [no 1 copulative 4. Maarath.
siG:;';""^ '^'"""-^ i-Efti^k^ir^"-
e. Fifth group— in the N. medial angle, between group d
and the "Valley" district.
1. Kirjath-baal=Kirjath-.iearim.
2. Kabbah (? merely a title of Jerusalem).
l.f. Group added iu the Scptuagint between d and e— situated N. of group e, up to Jerusalem — probably should be added to <>.]
1. Teknah.
2. Epliraihah=Bethlehem.
3. Phii-or.
4. Etam.
5. Kul()n[in Benjamin] [prob.
spurious]. C. Tatam.
7. Sores (Thebez) fin Ben- jamin] [spurious].
S. Karem (? Beth-hacce- rem].
9. Gallim fin Benjamin],
10. Bethel- [Thether].
11. Menukah.
IV. "The Wilderness" ("Snail), or Desert. l.Both-arabah^ rnn i „^^„ 3. Secacah.
4. Nibshan.
5. Ir-ham-Melach.
6. En-gedi.
[..■ally iu] t°" ^ <="P»-
lative bC' tween.] Supplementary— Jebus.
Honjamin] ( 2. Middin )
The following table comprises all the scriptural local- ities in Judah (except tliosc iu Jerusalem), with their probable or ascertained identifications.
Aceldama. Achor.
Field. See JERrsALEsi.
"V alley. Wadi/ Dahr ?
Achzib.
Adithaim.
Adoraim.
Adullam.
Adummim.
Auah.
Anim.
Aphekah.
Aphrah.
Arab.
Ashdod.
Ashkelon.
Ashnah.
Ashuah (Josh, xv, 43).
Azekah (Josh, xv, 33).
Azotus.
Azzah.
Baalah or Baale.
Baalah.
Beer.
Berachah.
Bethanoth.
Bethany.
Beth-dagon.
Bethel.
Bether.
Beth-ezel.
Beth-gader.
Beth-haccerem.
Beth-le-Aphrah.
Beth-lehem.
Bethphage.
Beth-tappnah.
Beth-zur.
Bezek.
Bilbah.
Bozkath.
Cabbon.
Cain.