Kare-Patrepandaron, the name of a class of Hindu ascetics, beggars of the Brahminic order, who have vo\\-ed eternal silence. Wholly naked, with only a sacred string, generally a snake's skin, over their shoulders, they make their home under large shade-trees. When they enter a house they manifest their presence by the clapping of their hands, and generally share with the inmates the best of their dainties, for a Brahmin consid- ers himself highly honored by such a visit, — ^Vollmer, WOrterb. d. Mythol. p. 1020.
Karg, Georg (the "Parsimonious"), a German theo- logian, was born at Heroldingen in 1512. In 1538 he was ordained for the ministry by iMelancthon, and became pastor first at Oettingen, later at Schwabach ; and finally, in 1553, settled at Anspach, and became general superin- tendent of the churches of the duchy of Baireuth. He died in 157G. Karg acquired great notoriety during the difficulties concerning the Formula Concordice by main- taining that it was only by passive obedience that Christ made atonement for us : for active obeilience (obedien- tia activa) he was bound to give as man ; the law binds us either to obedience or to iinnishment, but not to both together. Christ, while suffering the punishment for us, rendered obedience on his own account. What he has paid remains no longer for us to pay (i. e. the pun- ishment) ; obedience, however, w.e are bound to render, as he rendered his, in order to be a pure and perfect of- fering unto God. See Imputation. He defended these opinions in 1563, but, as they provoked a great contro- versy, he finally retracted them in 1570. The same opinions were afterwards maintained by John Piscator, professor at Herborn, and by John Camero of Saumiu-. See ^Valch, Streitigkeiten innerh. d. luth. Kirche, xiv, 360 ; Schrockh, Kirchengesch. seit d. Reformation, v, 358 ; Bol- linger, D. Reformation, iii, 564 ; Schweizer, Centraldog- men, ii, 16, 17 ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. vii, 379.
Karigites, or Separatists, is the name of a IMo- hammedan sect who oppose all government, both eccle- siastical and spiritual. They holil that tlie person who is to preside in spiritual affairs sliould be a man of su- pernatural birth and altogether of a spiritual character. See INIoiiAMJiEDANS; comp. I-Lvumatiiians.
Karim. See Carem.
Kar'kaa, or, rather, Kar'ka (Hebrew Karka', ")5"i|?, a floor, as in Numb, v, 17, etc.; with art. and il directive in pause, i^"P'^|5'^, hak-Karka'd; Sept, 'Ak-
KARMATHIANS
Kapica V. r. rijv Kara Sixrudg Kdorjc ; Vulg. Carcaa v, r. Caj-iatha), a jilace situated at a bend in the southern boundary of Judali (i. e. Simeon or Palestine), between Adar and Azmon (Josh, xv, 3) ; probably about mid- way between the Dead Sea and the IMecUterranean, jjer- haps near the well marked as Bir Abu-Atreibe on Zim- mermann's map. See Tribe.
Karkaphensian Version. See Syriac Ver- sions.
Karkom. See Saffron.
Kar'kor (Heb. Karkor', "^p^^, foundation ; Sept. KapKc'ip V. r. Knpicd,\u\g. requiescehant), a place be- yond Jordan whither the iMidianitish princes Zeba and Zalmunna had retired with their remaining army after the first rout by Gideon, who pursued and routed them again in its vicinity (Judg. viii, 10). From the context it appears to have been situated not far beyond Succoth and Penuel, towards the south, in a naturally secure spot east of Nobah and Jogbehah; indications that point to a locality among the southern openings of Jebel Zurka, north-east of Rabbath Ammon. Schwarz supposes {Pa- lest, p. 223) that el-Keruh is meant, a place a few miles south-east of Draa or Edrei, in the Haiuran ; but this is too far distant north-easterly. Eusebius's comparison of the castle {(ppovpiov) Carcaria (KapKapia, Onomast.), one day's joiurnej^ distant from Petra, is equally foreign ; and this may be the modern Kerak of Moab. See Ke-
NATII.
Karl-Borromseus Union, a Eoman Catholic as- sociation in Khenish Prussia, formed for the purpose of effecting in Roman Catholic society the same results for which the Gustavus Adolphus Society of the Protestant Church was founded. Perhaps, in a measure, it was in- tended to oppose any inroads of the Protestant associa- tion among the Roman Catholics. It originated in 1841. and makes it its special object to circidate at large the literary productions of Roman Catholics. The society publishes a monthly journal, and occasionally works of a religious character ^vritten in popular form. See Ka- tholische Real-Encgklojmdie, xi, 835.
Karlowitz, Ciiristopii von. See Maurice of
S.VXONY.
Karlstadt, Andreas Rudolph Bodensteih.
See Carlstaut.
Karlstadt, Johannes. See Draconites.
Karmathians (so called from Abu Said Al-Jena- bi, surnamed .1 l-Karmatha) is the name of a Jloham- medan sect which originated in the 9th century, under the caliphate of Al-jMotammed. Strictly speaking, the Karmathians were Shiites (q. v. ; see also Ismail), for Karmatha, their founder, was one of the missionaries in the province of Kufa, appointed by one of the apostles ( Hussein Ahwagi) of Ahmed, the successor of Abdallah Ibn-^Iaimun. who flourished about the middle of the 2d centur}'-, and who first gave character to the Ismaillte schism. It was he likewise who projected and prejiared the way for a union of the Arabic conquerors, and the many races that had been subjected since Mohammed's death, and the enthronement of what later was -called " Pure Reason" as the sole deity for worship. With an extraordinary knowledge of the human heart and hu- man weakness, he foimd a way to attract the high and tlie low. To the believer he offered devotion ; liberty, if not license, to the "free in spirit:" philosophy to the "strong-minded;" mystical hopes to the fanatics: mira- cles to the masses. To the Jews he offered a JNIessiah, to the Christians a Paraclete, to the JNIoslems a Mahdi, and to the Persi.an and Syrian "pagans" a philoscjphi- cal theologv. The results of his exertions, so pr;\ctical in tendency, were tridy wonderful, and at one tii.ie it seemed as if jMohammedanism was doomed. He was soon persecuted by the authorities, and, driven frojn place to pliice, he finally died in Selamia, in Syria, leav- mg the -work he had so successfully begun to his sun