PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 5
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,342,977 words · 1313 reading sections
Section 1
'?'••; ■>■';*; r^'^ Pv'^^: ^r*«^i^X^^ ^■?^:;'tp>^ •-^-•^.i^ ■^-•;i PRIVATE LIBRAR RICHARD C. HAL'. MflMMl CYCLOP.4 blA V OF THEOLOGICAL, AND ECCLESIASTICAL -^•. LITERATURE. PREPARED BY THE REV. JOHN M'CLINTOCK, D.D., AND JAMES STRONG, S.T.D. Vol. V^— K, L, Mc. PRIVATE UBRARY f^'CHARD C kALVERSOK NEW…
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Egyptian Knives and Lancets 225 Lancet-window 225 Ancient Roman Lantern 235 Modern Oriental Lantern 235j Ancient Egyptian Lantern 235' Ordinary Eastern Lantern 235 Architectural Lantern of St. Helen's 235 Copper Coin of Laodicea 237 The Hoopoe 240, The Pewit Page 246 Lattice Window at Cairo 26S Lattice-work …
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Slructwe. — It stands now on a base about two feet in v.— A height, which is a sharp inclined plane ; and, as the roof is fiat, the buililing becomes an irregular cube, the sides of which vary from forty to fifty feet in height, and eighteen by fourteen paces in extent. It is inclosed by a wall some two hundred and fi…
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than the Kaaba itself. The walk round the Kaaba is outside this wall, but the closer to it the better. This wall is entitled El Ilattim, and is of solid stone, five teet in height and four feet in thickness. It is incased in wliite marble, and inscribed with prayers. The Kaaba has a double roof, supported by pillars of…
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Deut. i,2,19; ii,14; ix,23; Josh, x, 41; xiv,(;,7; xv,3; Sept. K-dSi]Q [roi)] Booj'//), a site on the south-eastern border of the Promised Land, towards Edora, of much in- terest as being the point at whicli the Israelites twice encamped (their nineteentli and thirty-seventh stations) Avith the intention of entering Pa…
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To meet these various indications, two places by the name of Kadesh were formerly supposed to exist : but the editor of the Pictorial Bible has shown (note on Numb. XX, 1) that a single Kadesh would answer all the conditions, if placed on the western border of the Arabah, opposite Mt. Hon Accordingly, Dr. Robinson loca…
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Kadroma is the name of a Thibetian Jewish divin- ity. Strangely enough, the Darwinian theory seems to have been entertained at a date considerably anterior to our century, for this goddess the Thibetians claim to have belonged to the ape race, and, after marriage to an ape, to have become the mother of tlie entire popi…
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As the Dutch government of Cape Colony was hos- tile to all Christian missions, the missions among the Kaffres did not begin until tlie government had passed under British rule. The Moravians, who then for the first time found the necessary protection for their re-es- tablished missions among the Hottentots [see Hottex…
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KALDI KALI etic spirit which is wonderfully impressive. One of its main incidents is the legend of one dead man shriving another, which had been used by another poet. An- other successful effort of his is "The steadfast Prince." Both of these have frequently been translated into En- glish and other languages. See, ho…
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Worshippers. — Many Hindus adopt the ten-armed Doorgfi as their guardian deity, and she is considered as the image of the divine energy. Her worship in Lower Bengal is so popidar that on the occasion of a great an- nual festival all business is suspended, and even the Eu- ropean courts, custom-house, and other public o…
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Kalir, Eleasar Ha-, one of the oldest Jewish poets of Italy, generally regarded as the founder of the syna- gogual poetry of the non-Se]Aardite Jews in Europe, flourished about the beginning of the 8th centurj'. Of his personal history nothing further is known. He wrote some one hundred and fifty different sacred poems…
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Kalonymus ben-Kalonymcs, a Jewish writer of some note, was born in Italy in 1287, but lived for some time in Southern France, and was there picked up by king Robert of Naples, lie returned with the latter to his native land, and filled some important offices in his service. Kalonymus Avas an accomiilished scholar, tran…
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Kama. See T.VLJtuD. Kaniawachara, the Buddhist name of one of the three divisions of the Sakwala (q. v.), and refers to the worlds in which there is form, with sensual, enjoy- ment. The Buddhist affirms that there are iniumiera- ble worlds, but only three kinds of them, viz. (1) worlds in which there is no perceptible…
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The worship of these demigods or Kami is called Kami-no-mitsi, or " the way of the Kami." It pos- sesses some features which are found in the religious observances of no other race. There are chapels dedi- cated to the several Kamis in all parts of the empire, but they are most numerous and celebrated in the .south- er…
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Kaiia (Heb. ilSpn "iS5), the name of one of the later cabalistic works treating of the religious rites of the Jews, has attained considerable notoriety on account of its decided opposition not only to all the Jewish ritu- al, to Talmudical interpretation, and to the Talmud itself, but for its fierce attacks even agains…
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other significations. Doubtless his papers would have afforded a clear view of the state of his soul, but, according to his friends, to- wards the close of his Ufe he destroyed aU documents relating to this subject. He died Dec. 17, 1824. His other rehgious works are: Sammlung wahrer und er- u-ecklicher Geschichten au…
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tion of the nebula? into stars, and the probable discovery of new planets — scientific predictions fulfilled in much later years by Ilerschel and Leverrier. Tliis production occasioned a correspondence with Lambert (17G1), the singularly profound president of the Berlin Academy, who espoused similar opinions. For fifte…
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Kant's metaphysics had thus been exhibited by him- self in all its principal applications. It had attracted general notice; it had gathered around it numerous and enthusiastic disciples; it had secured for its author pro- found respect and earnest admiration. Distinguished men flocked to his lectures ; princes and sove…
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KANT 14 KANT ter. By tliis regularity and moderation he reached ful- ness of years with liealth, cheerfulness, and perfect se- renity. He seems to have been deficient in i)oetic sen- sibihty and poetic imajjinatiou. To this defect may be ascribed several imperfections in the exposition of his philosophy, and his tot…
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It was slowly that Kant reached this conclusion, which became very prolific in his hands. He tells us that it was due to the examination of Hume's denial of any nexus between cause and effect, which of course re- duced the universe to a disconnected dream, and ren- dered all knowledge the mere aggregate of impressions …
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I-op:ic.il. Transcendental. ^Universal. Uuitj'. I. Quantity -(Particular. Plurality. (.Singular. Totality. rAfflrmative. Keality. II. Quality < Negative. Negation. (indeterminate. Limitation. ^Categorical. ^ Substance. III. Relation J. Hypothetical. Cause. (Disjunctive. Reciprocity. ( Problematical. Possibili…
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(2) Critique of the Practical Reason. — Neither the name nor the conception of the practical reason was a novelty; both occur in Aristotle {Be Anim. iii, 10; 6 /uj' yiip SEwpj/riKoc vovg o'uMv votl irpoKruv, ibid. c. ix\ They are found in Acpiinas (Summ. Theol. ii, 1, 00, and especially 91,3), in Roger Bacon {Opus Maju…
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(4) Relu/ion within the Limits of Pure Reason, — This is Kant's theology, and is the most unsatisfactory of aU his efforts. It was an attempt to reconstruct the foun- dations of religious belief, which had been sapped and in great measure overthrown by his critical investiga- tions. It was the work of his old age, and …
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Kaphar. Sec Kepiiar. Kapharnaites. See Lord's Supper; Transub- STANTIATION. Kapila, the reputed author of the Sdnkhya (q. v.), one of the philosophical systems of the Hindus. As to the origin of Kapila, Hindu tradition is ratlier vague. Among his followers he is by some described as a son of Brahma, and by others, e…
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The reason why so little is yet known about the Ka- raites is that their writings are not generally accessible. Towards the close of the 17th century Protestant theo- logians interested themselves in their behalf, and in 1G90 Peringer (then professor of Hebrew at the university at Upsala) was sent to Poland by the king…
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KAREAH 19 KARENS Numher and Present Condi/ion. — The number of the present adherents to Karaism has been variously esti- mated; nothing, however, can be definitely or even ap- proximately given until more shall be known of the Jews of Asia. They are strongest, according to modern accounts, in the Crimea, where there…
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Description. — Tlie Karens of the north are more ad- vanced in the arts and in the habits of civilization than those of the southern district. They reckon themselves not by villages nor by cities, but by families, having a patriarchal form of society, single families, occupants of one house, often numbering from three …
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Tso, which maan?, power, and seems to be a personifica- tion oVreuson, If the tso becomes heedless or weak, or is unfortunately circimistanced, then the kelah can do mischief, but otherwise it is powerless for evil. There are other spiritual beings, such as Keplwo, a species of vampire, which is the stomach of a wizar…
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Kare-Patrepandaron, the name of a class of Hindu ascetics, beggars of the Brahminic order, who have vo\\-ed eternal silence. Wholly naked, with only a sacred string, generally a snake's skin, over their shoulders, they make their home under large shade-trees. When they enter a house they manifest their presence by the …
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KARMATHIANS 22 KARMATHIANS Ahmed. This Ahmed, profit uip hy the experience of his father, carried on tlie work of conversion somewhat secretly ; at least he did not dare to assume publicly the claims of an imam, as his father had done. He sent missionaries, however, to different jiarts of the country to gain adheren…
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Abu Tahir died in 332 of the Hegira, master of Arabia, Syria, and Irak. It was not until seven years later (A.D. 950), inukr the reign of two of his brothers who had succeeded him, that the " black stone" -was re- turned to IMecca for an enormous ransom, and fixed there, in the seventh piUar of the moscpie called Rahma…
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Karuko"Wski, Stanislaus, a celebrated Roman Catholic jirelate, was born in Bland in 1526. Of Ids early life nothing is known to us. In 15G3 he was made bisliiip of Wladislaw, and became coadjutor to the arch- bishop of Gnesen in 1577, and in 1581 sole occupant of the archbishopric and primate of Poland. In the civil hi…
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KARPAS 24 KATYAYANA h?is frequently been published with the latter work. See Griitz, Geschichie ihr Judeii, ix, 319 sq. ; Zunz, Zur Geschichte u.L{teratU7-, p. 230 sq. ; Jost, Gesck. d.Jtiden- ■ tkums, iii. 129 ; Flirst, Biblioth. Jud. ii, 172 sq. (i. II. W.) Karpas. See Greks ; Cotton. Kar'tah (lleb. A'aW«/j', nn…
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Elathisniata [Ka^iapara, sittings) is a name which, in the early Church, according to Suicer, was applied to certain parts of holy Scripture, because, during the read- ing of them, the people sat. Other portions of Scripture were entitled araaHQ (standings), because, during the reading of them, the people stood. It was…
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(Camb. 1828, 8vo) : — A Charge to the Clergy, delivered at the triennial Visitation in 1843 (London, 1843, 8vo). He also published some anonymous Remarks on Dr. Wise- man\s Lectures, and a llejily to the Travels of an Irish Gentleman (a Roman Catholic polemical work). See Allibone, Diet, of A iithors, s. v. ; London Ge…
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Keble, Johx, " the sweetest and most Christian poet of modern days," was bora in Fairford, in Gloucester- shire, April 25, 1792. His father was fellow of Corpus Christi College, and for fifty years vicar of Coin, St^^Vl- vins, and lived until his ninetieth year. His mother was the daughter of a clergyman. Thus on both …
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Keckermann, BAitTiioLOM.Kus, a reformed Ger- man theologian, was born at Dantzic in 1571, and edu- cated at Wittenberg, Leipsic, and Heidelberg. In the last place he became professor of the Hebrew language about 1592. In 1602 he accepted the rectorate of the gymnasium at Dantzic, where he died August 25, 1609. Keckerma…
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1. A city in the extreme southern part of the terri- tory originally assigned to Judah (Josh, xv, 23, where it is mentioned between Adadah and Hazor), and doubt- less included in the portion afterwards set off to Simeon (Josh, xix, 1-9). As the associated places seem to in- dicate a position towards the Dead Sea, we ma…
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Kedron. See Kidrox. Keel (rpoTTtC) as being that which turns the vessel), the lo;igltudinal projection on the bottom of a ship (Wisd. V, 10). Keeler, Sylvaxus, was the earliest native ISIeth- odist itinerant in Canada. He tirst appears in the ^Minutes of 1795 on the Bay of Quinte Circuit, " He proved," says the Canad…
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KEIR 29 KEITH Canaanites in the place" (Smith). See Baal. Keilah was so considerable a city in the time of Nehemialr as to have two prtefects, who are mentioned as assisting in the reconstruction of the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. iii, 17, 18), and existed in the days of Eusebius and Jerome, who place it eight (the for…
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Keith, Isaac Stockton, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born at Newton, Pa., Jan. 20, 1755, grad- uated at Princeton College in 1775, entered the minis- trj' in 1778, and was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian church in Alexandria in 1780. In 1788 he v,-ent to Charleston, S. C, as colleague pastor of the Congrega-…
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Keller, Emanuel, a Laitheran minister, was bom at Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 30, 1801. Blessed with pious and faithful parents, his thoughts and desires were early turned to the Christian ministry. His classical studies were pursued at Dickinson College, Carlisle, and the study of divinity imder the instruction of his past…
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Kells (originally Kenlis) is the name of an ancient Irish t(]wn in wliich a very important synod was held A.D. 1152. It was convoked by Papyrio (Paparo?), car- dinal priest, and the pope's (Eugenius HI) legate, for the formal reception of the Irish Church into the see of Rome. The Church of Ireland, which had been foun…
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KELPIES 32 KEMPER joyed the friendship of his celebrated conntnTnan, Ed- niiiiul Biirko, but before the comiiletioii of his letjal stud- ies, his miud having been strongly exercised on the sub- ject of religion, he entered upon a course of theological reailing, and in 1793 was ordained a clergyman oi' the Establishe…
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Kempe, Stepiian, one of the leaders in the Ger- man Ileformation of the 16th century, the founder of Protestantism in the city of Hamburg, his native place, was born towards the close of the 15th century. He was educated at Postock, and became a Franciscan monic in 1523; but, while on business for his order at Ham- bur…
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tius, not slow to discover in Thomas abilities of a high order, embraced every oijportunity to draw the pious youth closer to liis side, and in 139G tinalf)' offered him a home at Ids own house, the head-quarters of the breth- ren, to study and watch more closely the character and inclinations of the youthful stranger.…
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Strange, indeed, it seems that the authorship of a work so popular and so widely noted, and of compara- tively recent origin, should ever have been a subject of doubt and long controversy. Shortly after the decease of Thomas a Kempis a violent dispute arose between the Canons Regular of St. Augustine and the Benedictin…
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These various testimonies are all derived from learned and trustworthy men, all of whom, with the exception of one, were personally acciuainted with Thomas a Kenijiis, or with persons who lived with him. They are, more- over, given with a simplicity which shows that they did not consider the question as one at all like…
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tius Radewins, and John van Heusden. It may even be considered only as a commentary or exposition of their doctrines. In judging it thus, criticism, how- ever, does not detract from the value of this mas- terpiece of the second half of the fourteenth century. Buschius said of its author, "Veriis his novissimis teni- po…
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The other works of Thomas a Kempis, which are all of an ascetic character with the exception of two, have been collected in several editions, none of which, how- ever, is quite complete. Among the most important editions are those of Ketelaer, published at Utrecht a few j-ears after Kempis's death; of Paris (1493. 1520…
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KEMPIS KEX all blessings flov;-, and in whom, as their final end, all siilnts lind a blissful repose'" (UUmann, ii, 140 sq.). Naturall)' enough, Thomas a Kempis shares the no- tion of his day — of almost the whole medieval period — in reckoning monachism the highest stage of the Christian life, and the monk the perf…
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Kemu'el [some Kem'uel} (Keh.Kemuel', bx^irp, perhaps helper of God, otherwise assembly of God; Sept. KapovliX), the name of three men. 1. The third son of Abraham's brother Nahor, and father of six sons (Gen. xxii, 21), all unknown except the last, Bcthucl, who was the father of Laban and Re- bekali (Gcn.xxiv, 15). B.…
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ii. w.) Ke'nan (1 Chron. i, 2). See Caixan, 'K.e'n^th.(l\ch.Kenath',T':'^, possession; Sept. Ka- vd^), a city of Gilead, captured, with its environs, from the Canaanites by Nobah (apparently an associate or relative of .lair), and afterwards called by his name (Numb. xxxiii,42; compare .Judg.viii, 11); although in th…
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4. Son of Elah, ajid grandson of Caleb, the sun of .Jeplnnmeh (1 Chron. iv, 15, where the margin under- stands "even Kenaz," tlp^, as a proper name. Uknaz). B.C. post 1G18. KENDAL 39 KENITE Kendal, Samuel, a Congregational minister, was born at Sherburne, Mass., July 11, 17r>3, of humble par- entage. Young Kendal l…
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Ken'ezite (Numb, xxxii, 12; Josh. xiv,0, 14"^. See Kexizzite, Ken'ite [some Ke'nite'] {^i^p,, Keijni', prob. from "jlp, to worh in iron, Gen. xv, 19 ; Numb. xxi,v, 21 ; Judg. i, 16; iv, 11, 17; v, 24; 1 Sam. xv, 6; xxx, 29; written also "'3|!!, Kent', 1 Sam. xxvii, 10; and plural, £"'2^1?', Kinim', 1 Chron. ii, 55 ; S…
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Josephus gives the name Keveriotc (.Uif. v, 5,4); but in his notice of Saul's expedition (vi, 7, 3) he has TO TMV "SliKijUTthv tbvoc — the form in which he else- where gives that of the Shechcmites. In the Targums, instead of Kenites Ave find Shulmai (■^X'cbu,"), and the Talmudists generally represent them as an Arabia…
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Kennaday, John, D.D., a noted minister of the ISIethodist Episcopal Church, was born in the city of New York Nov. 3, 1800. In early life he was a printer, devoting even then, however, his leisure, as far as prac- ticable, to literary pursuits. He was converted, under the ministry of the Kev. Dr. Heman Bangs, in the Joh…
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Kennedy, Samuel, M.D., a Presbyterian minis- ter, was born in Scotland in 1720, and educated in the University of Edinburgh. On coming to America he was received by the I'resbytery of New Brunswick, and Ucensed by them in 1750. The following year he was ordained, and installed over the congregations of Bask- ing Ridge,…
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cette's Christian Casuist: — 3. Godeau's Pastoral Instruc- tions : — 4. Pascal's Thouyhts on Reliyion, to which he pre- fixed an account of the manner in which those thoughts were dehveretl by the author : — 5. Balzac's A ristijipus, with an account of his life and writings : — 6. The Mar- riaye of Thames and Isis, fro…
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Keunicott, Benjamin, D.D., one of the most emi- nent Biblical scholars, was born of humble parents at Totness, in Devonshire, England, Apr. 4, 1718. At quite a youthful age he succeeded his father as master of a charity school in his native place, and here continued imtil 1744, when, having previously given proof of po…
1,244 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.