1. A city in the extreme southern part of the terri- tory originally assigned to Judah (Josh, xv, 23, where it is mentioned between Adadah and Hazor), and doubt- less included in the portion afterwards set off to Simeon (Josh, xix, 1-9). As the associated places seem to in- dicate a position towards the Dead Sea, we may con- jecture that it was the same as Kadesii-barnea (the names being the same in Heb.), which lay there, and is not mentioned in either of the foregoing lists, although it certainly was includeil within the district indicated.
2. A Levitical city of the tribe of Issachar (1 Chron. vi, 72), otherwise called Kisiiiox (Josh, xix, 20; "Ki- shon," xxi, 28).
3. A " fenced city" of Naphtali (Josh, xix, 37, where it is mentioned between Hazor and Edrei), hence also called Kedesii-nai'iitali (i. e. Kadesh of Naphtali, Judg. iv, 6) ; appointed as one of the cities of refuge (Josh, xix, 7, where it is located on Mt. Naphtali), be- ing a Levitical city assigned to the Gershonites (Josh. xxi, 32; 1 Chron. vi, 76). It was one of the original Canaanitish royal cities, whose chieftains were slain by Joshua (Josh, xii, 22). and was reckoned as a Galilean town (Josh, xix, 7 ; xxi, 32 ; 1 Chron. vi, 76). It was the residence of Barak (Judg. iv, G), and there he and Deborah assembled the tribes of Zebulon and Najilitali before the conflict (vcr. 9, 10\ Near it was the tree of Zaananim, where was pitched the tent of the Kenites Heber and Jacl, in which Siscra met his death (ver. 11). It was probably, as its name implies, a " holy place" of great antiquity, -(vhich Avould explain its selection as one of the cities of refuge, and its being chosen by the prophetess as the spot at which to meet the warriors of the tribes before the commencement of the struggle " for Jehovah among the mighty." It was one of the places depopulated by Tiglath-pileser (2 Kings xv, 29). Josc- phus calls it Kedesa (>) KiC(tT(t,Ant. v, 1, 18, and 24) or Cydisa {Ant. ix, 11, 1 >, and places it under the name of Cedasa (Ktoaca), on the border between Galilee and Tyre {Ant. xiii, 5, 6), to the latter of which it adhered in the fhial struggle ( War, ii, 18, 1). It was here that Jonathan the Maccabee gained the victory over the princes of Dcrnctrius {\s.an]q, 1 Mace, xi, 63, 73). It is probably the same with the Cydis {Ki<cig i) Nf0.3-nXi) mentioned as the birthplace of Tobit (i, 1). Ensebius {Onomast. s. v. MiUq) mentions it by the name ofCydossos {KvSoffaoc, Jerome Cidissus), as lying in the neighbor- hood of Paneas, about 20 Roman miles from Tyre. It is also probably the same with the strongly-fortilied place in this district called Cydyssi by Josephns {Kvcva(Toi, War, iv, 2, 3). Kedesh was situated near the " plain" of Zaanaim, on the route taken by Barak (who was a na- tive of the place) in the pursuit of Siscra, and hence must have been beyond j\It. Tabor, in the direction from the Kishon (.Judg. iv, 6, 9, 10, 11). The indications cor- respond very weil to the position of the modern village of Kedes, discovered by Dr. Robinson on the hills west of the lake el-Hnleh {Researches, iii, 355; Bibliotheca Sacra, 1843, p. 11). and fully described by Rev. E. Smith {Bib!. Sac. 1849, p. 374, 375) as being a small place ro- mantically situated on a hill in a rich and beautiful plain, abundantly sujiplied with water, and containing extensive ruins apjiarently of Roman origin (see also Robinson's Researches, new edit., iii, 366-309 ; "\*an de Ye\de, Narralire, ii,417). From the 12th century (Bcnj. of Tudela, in Bohn's L'arly Travels, p. 89) it has been reputed to possess the graves of Delwrah, Barak, Ahino- am, Jael, and Heber (Schwarz, Palest, p. 183 ; comp. ]i. 91). Porter, in 1858, saw close by the site the black tents of nomads pitched imder the terebinths {Handbook for Palest, p. 443), Ukc those of Heber the Kenite (Judg. iv, 11).
" In the Greek {Kvciwif) and Syriac (Kedesh de ^aph- tali) texts of Tob. i, 2— tliough not in the Vulgate or A,
KEDROX
28
KEILAH
Y. — Kcdesh is introduced as the birthplace of Tobias. The text is exceedingly corrupt, but some little support is lent to this reading by tlie \'ulgate, which, although omitting Kedesh, mentions Safed — j^ost vium qum ducit ad Occidentem, in sinistro hahens cintatem Suphet,
" The name Kedesh exists much farther north than the possessions of Naphtali would appear to have ex- tended, attached to a lake of considerable size on the Orontes, a few miles south of Hums, the ancient Emessa (Thomson, in Kitter, Damascus, p. 1002 sq.). The lake was well known under that name to the Arabic geogra- phers (sec, besides the authorities iiuoted by Robinson [iii, 594, new ed.], Abulfeda in Schultcns's Index Georjr., 'Fluvius Orontes,' and 'Kudsum'), and they connect it in jjart with Alexander the (Jreat. But this and the origin of the name are alike uncertain. At the lower end of the lake is an island which, as already remarked, is possibly the site of Ketcsh, the capture of which by Sethos I is prcser\'ed in the records of that Egyptian king" (.Smith).