Kessler (Aiienarius), Johann Jacob, was bom at St. Gall in 1502, and studied theology at Basle. In 1522 he went to Wittenberg to hear Luther, and on his way fell in with him at Jena, yet without knowing him. In 1523 he returned to St. Gall, but his inclination to the reform doctrines would not conscientiously permit him to enter the priesthood, and he became a saddler. At the request of his compatriots, he finr'ly, in 1524, began Sunday evening meetings for the study of Scripture, which, on account of the general interest, were in 1525 transferred to the Church of St.Lawrencc. He was some- what opposed at first by a few narrow-minded theolo- gians, and at their request even discontinued his meet- ings for a time ; but the public, determined to hear the preaching of Kessler, induced him finally to enter the ministry, and he became, in 1535, evangelical pastor of the Church of St. Lawrence, and dean of St. Gall in 1573. He died JMarch 15, 1574. Kessler wrote Sahhtttha, St. Gallische lieformutionschronik. See J. J. Bernet, J. Ke.'fs/er (St. 'Gall, 182G) ; Herzog, Eeal-KncyUop. vii, 618 ; Pierer, Universal Lex. s. v.
Kethem. See Gold.
Kethib. Sec Keri.
Kethubim. See Hagiographa.
Kethuboth. See Talmud.
Ketsach. See Fitches. •
Ketsiyah. Sec Cassia.
Kett, Hknuy, B.D., a learned English divine, was born at Norwich in 17G1 ; studied at Trinity CoUege, Oxford, of which he became fellow, and afterwards ob- tained the living of Charlton, (Jloucestersliire. He was drowned, while bathing, in 1K25. His principal works are: Ui.-<ton/, l/ic Interpreter nf Propheey (London, 4th ed., with ailditional notes, 1801, 2 vols. 8vo): — Sermons preached, 17!)0, at the Lectures founded hy the late Rev. John Brvmpton, M.A. (London, 2d cd. 17!)2, 8vo) : — Ele- ments of //eni-rtd, Knowledr/e (Lond. 8th edit. 181.5, 2 vols. 8vo). — Allibone, Diet. Enijl. and A mer. A uthor.i, s. v.
Kettfe^ler.AViLiiEL.M, bishop of^MUnster from 1553 to 1557, thougli a layman, was promoted lo the prelatieal dignity liy sjucial request of the duke of Clcvc. He was one of the most enlightened minds of this jieriod in tlie Roman Catholic Church, and himself inclining to tlic Ref- ormat ion, in concert with the duke of Cleve, persuaded
Cassander (q. v.) to use his influence and his pen to prevent further schism in the Church, and to bring back those who had left the Romanists. At Rome he was disliked for his mildness towards the Reformers, and finally quitted the bishopric.
Kettenbach, Heixkich von, an eminent German writer of the jieriod of the Reformation, was jirobably of French extraction. Little is known of his life. He became a Franciscan, and in 1521 went to Ulm in the place of one of the brethren expelled by the general of the order for holding evangelical opinions. Ketten- bach, however, soon followed the example of his prede- cessor : he preached against the papacy and the monks, and, having thus aroused the enmity of the Dominicans, was in turn obliged to leave L'lm the same year. He then went to Wittenberg, where he openly joined the Reformation, took part in all the movements in favor of emancipation from Rome, and was probably killed in the peasants' war. Kettenbach was a very popular preacher, and made many converts from Romanism, which he attacked in Verrjleichung lies Alkrheiliysten Ilerrn v. Vuters Papst gegen d. seltsamen u.fremden Gast in d. Christtnheit, rjenanni Jesus, etc. (Wittenb. 1523) : — Praciica; Neue Apoloyie it. VeraiitworttuK) Martini Im- thers wider d. Papisien Mordyeschrei (1523). It is gen- erally supposed that Kettenbach wrote largely, but that his works have been lost. His influence among the Reformers must have been great, or he would not have been among the persons cited by Eck to appear with Luther before the Reichstag at Augsburg. See Pierer, Univ. Lex. s. v. ; Yecsenmeyer, Beitrdye z. Gesch. d. Lii- eratur u. Ref. p. 70 sq. ; Keim, in Herzog, Reul-Ency- klopddic, s. V.
Kettle (1^'^, dud, so called from hoiliny'), a large jwt for cooking purposes (1 Sam. ii, 14; elsewhere ren- dered "pot," Psa. Ixxxi, G; Job xli, 20; "caldron," 2 Chron. xxxv, 13). The same term in the original also signifies " basket" (2 Kings x, 7 ; Jer. xxiv, 2 ; probably Psa. Ixxxvi, G). From tjie passage in 1 Sam. ii, 13, 14, it is evident that the kettle was emploj'ed for the pur- pose of preparing the peace-offerings, as it is said (verse 14), "All that the flesh-hook brought up the priest took for himself." In the various processes of cookery rep- resented on the momnnents of Egypt, we frequently sec large bronze pots placed over a tire in a similar manner. See Flesii-pot.
Kettlewell, John, B.D., an eminent English di- vine (nonjuror), was born at Northallerton, Yorkshire, March 10, 1653; studied at St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, and in 1G75 became fellow of Lincoln College. Still but a youth, he distmguislied himself liy the publication of his celebrated work, Measures of Christian Obedience. He was generally noticed, and in 1G82 lord Digby pre- sented j'oung Kettlewell with the vicarage of Coleshill, Warwickshire, but he was deprived of it soon after the Revolution on account of his refusal to take the oath of obedience to AVilliam and IMary. He removed to Lon- don, and died there April 12, 1695. His principal works have been collected and published under the style, Worl-s printed from Cojnes revised and improved by the Author a little 'before his Death (Lond. 1719, 2 vols, fol.) : —The Duty of Moral Rectitude (Tracts of Angl. Fathers, iv, 219). — Darling, Cyclopcedin Bihliofp-aphira, ii, 1725; Macaulav, Hist. ofEnyland, vol. iv (185G) ; Nelson, Life of Kettlewell (Lond. 1718).