Khedr, Al, is the name which figures in the Koran (chap, xviii. Sale's edition, p. 244) as that of a person whom the ^Mohammedans assert the Lord pointed out to Moses as superior in wisdom to any other living per- son, !Moses included. The story the Mohammedans tell is thus given by Sale : " JNIoses once preaching to the people, they admired his knowledge and eloquence so much that they asked him whether he knew any man in the world who was wiser than himself, to which he answered in the negative ; whereupon God, in a revela- tion, having reprehended him for his vanity (though some pretend that Closes asked God the question of his o;vn accord), acquainted him that his servant Al Khedr was more knowing than he; and, at ]\Ioses's request, told him that he might find that person at a certain rock where the two seas met, directing him to take a fish with him in a basket, and that Avhere he missed the fish that was the place. Accordingly Moses set out, with his servant Joshua, in search of Al Khedr." See Sale's Koran, p. 244.
Khlesl, jMelciiiou, a German theologian, born at Vienna in 1553 of Protestant parents, was induced to enter the Roman Catholic Church, and joined the Jes- uits. After studying five years under the Jesuits he took the first four orders, then continued his studies for two years at Ingolstadt, and was ordained jiriest in 1579. He became successively provost of the cathedral at \i- enna, administrator of the bishopric of Neustadt in 1588, and bishop of Vienna in 1598. The loose conduct of the Roman Catholic clergy having greatly contriliuted to the rapid spreading of Protestant doctrines, Khlesl showed himself a zealous partisan of reform in this re- spect, while, on the other hand, he did his utmost to bring Protestants back into the fold of Romanism. Yet he was still more iiK-lined to mingle in politics than in Church affairs. He attached himself to the grand duke Jlatthias, eldest brother of the emperor Rudolph II, whom the latter particularly disliked on account of a prediction, according to which this brother was to de- pose him. The emperor contemplated exiling Khlesl,
KHLESTOVSHCHICKI
VI
KIILISTIE
but the latter succeeded in organizing a conspiracy, and Matthias was made emperor in 1-iudolph's place. The Protestant princes had a part in this revolution, but Khlesl took good care that they should not derive any benefit from it to fiurther their religion. Under empe- ror Matthias he became ])resident of the privy coun- cil in 1611, and cardinal in IGIG. Notwithstanding his opposition to Protestantism, wliich he rigorously perse- cuted in 1616-18, he remained at the head of the Ger- man party, and opposed the adoption of the grand duke Ferdinand as heir to the throne. Ferdinand revenged himself by arresting Khlesl at Vienna, July 20, 1618, and confining him first at the castle of Ambras, and then at the convent of Georgenberg, in Tyrol. In 1622 a requisition from the pope caused him to be transferred to Rome, where he was imprisoned for seven months in the castle of St. Angelo. After his liberation he return- ed to Vienna in 1627, and was restored to the possession of his property and his offices. lie gave np politics to attend exclusively to the management of ecclesiastical affairs, and died Sept. 18, 1630. His fortune, amount- ing to over half a million, he left to the bishopric of Vi- enna; 100,000 ilorins to Neustadt and Vienna for a yearly mass for his soul ; 100,000 florins to the convent of Hira- melspforte, 20,000 to the .Jesuits, and 46,000 to his rela- tives. Khlesl's motto was "Strong and mild:" strong in action, mild in manner; the latter was somewhat difficult for him to submit to, as he was naturally hasty. He had not received a classical education, but was vre]l versed in the Bible, in patristics, and in homiletics. See Hammer - Purgstall, Lehensheschreihunfi des Cardinals Kldc'sl (Vienna, 1847-51, 4 vols. 8vo) ; Pierer, Univ. Lex. s. V. ; Wetzer und Welte, Kirch.-Lex. vi, 225.
Klilestovslichicki. Sec Skoptzi.
Khlistie (Lashers), also called Danielites, is the name of a powerful Russian sect. They call themselves " people of God," " Tribe of Israel," " worshippers of the true God," or " Brothers and Sisters." They originated in the first year of the reign of the emperor Alexis (A.D. 1645). According to their tradition, there descended, in the days of Alexis, upon Mt. Gorodin, in the district of Wladimir, in great power, on a wagon of fire surrounded by a cloud, " God the Father," accompanied by the hosts of heaven. The latter returned again to the other world, but the Lord himself remained on the earth, and mani- fested himself in the flesh in the person of Daniel Phil- ippon (or Philippitch). This they hold to have been the second manifestation of God the Father in the flesh, and as in his first manifestation Jerusalem was enlight- ened, so at this time Russia was blessed with special di- vine favor; and, corresponding to Jerusalem, they point out as their Zion, or, as they call it, " the higher region," the province Kostroma, in which Daniel Philippon was born. The historical facts in the case, as related bj' Dixon (Free Jiiissia, p. 139), however, are, that Daniel was a peasant in the province of Kostroma, and, after serving for a time in the Russian army, ran away from his flag in battle, declared himself the Almighty, and wandered about the empire, teaching those who would listen to his voice his doctrine, inculcated in the follow- ing twelve commandments :