Klaiber, Christian Benjamin, a German tlieolo- gian, was born Sept. 15, 1795, in Wiirtemberg, and was educated at the University of Tiibingeii, where he be- came a professor of theology in 1823. Later he removed to Stetten, in Kemsthal, as pastor, and died in 183G. He published Studien der Wiirttemhergischen Geistlichkeit.
Klarenbach, Adolf, a noted martyr of the Refor- mation, was born at the close of the 15th century, near the city of Lennep, in the d uchy of Berg, and eagerly pur- sued his studies first at jNIilnster, then at Cologne, under two instructors who afterwards became his inquisitors. He became master of a school at jMiinster in 1520, and sought to impart his new views of faith to his pupUs. On this account lie was driven successively from IMlin- ster, W'esel, Buderich, and Osnabriick, followed some- times by those who had come under his instruction. He became at last a preacher in his native region, bold- ly fulfilling his mission, notwithstanding the anxious re- monstrances of his parents and the threats of the mag- istrates, and on finally leaving Lenneji he addressed to the authorities of the city a defence from Scripture of his decidedly Lutheran position, declaring that, should they even take his life, " they could not take from him Christ, his everlasting life." At Cologne, in the spring of 1528, he undertook the defence of an old friend ami colaborer, Klopreiss, and was himself thereupon impris- oned with his friend. He was heard before the civil, and later before the ecclesiastical court, in presence of his two former instructors, Arnold von Zongern and Jo- hann von Venradt. Theodore Fabricius, who had him- 'self suffered much in Cologne in behalf of the evangel- ical doctrine, made great efforts for Klarenbach's release. He succeeded in delivering Klopreiss, and there came an imperial requisition from Speicr upon the city of Co- logne to show cause why Klarenljach ^^•as detained. The city disregarded the subsequent judgment of the imperial court in the prisoner's favor, and said " it knew no supreme court, but only a dungeon court." Into the archbishop's dungeon Klarenbach was now thrown with others, especially Peter Flysteden. On the 4th of March, 1520, Klarenbach, exhorted to firmness and bravery by his friend Peter, was taken from the dungeon for final judgment before the incpasitors. The grand inquisitor, KiiUin, solemnly admonished him to a definite retrac- tion. No free address, notwithstanding the clamors of the spectators for it, was permitted him. After the ex-
ample of Paul he appealed to the emperor, but the ap- peal was only set down as another strong evidence of heresy ; sentence of death was pronounced on the 19th of Jlarch, and the city council determined upon its exe- cution. Farther attempts were made during the subse- quent months of his imprisonment to turn the martyr from his faith. " It will cost j'ou your neck," it was said. " Here it is," replied he, bending his neck ; •• this you can have, but not your will with me." In the au- tumn a destructive pestilence visited Cologne, and the priests declared it a judgment of heaven upon heresy and the sin of forbearance with heretics. The 27th of September had come. Through an air-hole of the dun- geon, the prisoners were asked if they stiD stood by their opinions. "As long as God will," replied Ivlarenbach. Efforts of his relatives at persuasion, and of the monks who accompanied them, were unavailing. Both the pris- oners went forth courageously. Minute events in the passage of the procession, the contending sentiments which it awakened in the spectators, and the whole dra- matic power of the scene, are depicted in a publication of that day entitled Alle Acta Adolphi Klarenbach — written professedly by an eye and ear witness. The prophecy uttered by Klarenbach on his way to the stake has metits fulfilment : " Oh Cologne, Cologne, how thou dost persecute the Word of God ! a cloud is in the sky which will yet bring down a rain of righteousness." — Herzog, Real-Encgklopddie, vol. xix, s. v. (E. B. 0.)
Klaus, Brother. See Flue, Nicholas of.
Klauser, Salomon, a German theologian, was born at Zurich, Switzerland, in 1745 ; entered the ministry in 17(j8, and was called to a pastorate in his native place in 1784, where he died April 14, 179G. Klauser has left us only a few of his sermons, but these all evince supe- rior scholarship. A selection of them was printed in 1798, and was accompanied with an introduction by Dr. H. A. Niemeyer. A list of those printed is given by During, Gelehrte Theol. Deutschlands, vol. ii, s. v.
Klausing, Anton Ernst, a German theologian of some note, was born at Hervordeh, in Westphalia, April 11, 1729, and educated at the University of Leipzig. He travelled for three years in Holland, Italy, and England, and on his return taught at Leipzig. He died Juh' 6, 1803. Klausing was thoroughly conversant with sev- eral modern languages, and besides translations of the Sermons of Sterne, Khufs Usages in the Greek Church of Russia, a collection of the latest works on the I/istor'/ of the Jesuits in Portugal, etc., he published several val- uable theological works. The most important of his original productions are, perhaps, Commentatio super loco L'auli ad Rom. ix, 23, 24 (Hate, 1754, 4to) : — Uistorice controx'ersioi recentissimm inter Pontificem Romanum et rempublicam Genuensem, etc. (Lips. 17(55, 4to). See Do- ring, Gelehrte Theol. Deutschl. ii, 106 sq.