Hieronymian Latin versions, and the readings of Ori- gen, Irenreus, Cyprian, Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer ; and for the Apocalypse, Primarius. Under the Greek text the editor cites his authorities, and at the bottom of the page he gives the Yidgate version edited from two cod- ices of the Gth century, the Fuldensis and the Amian- tiuus, preserved in tlie Laurentian Librarj' at Florence. . . . On its first appearance, his work and the principles on which it was based were subjected to much hostility, but his great services to the cause of N.-T. criticism are now universally admitted. That he narrowed tuirea- sonably the sphere of legitimate authority for the sacred text, that he was sometimes capricious in his selection of authorities, and that, while he did not always follow his authorities, he at other times followed them even in their manifest errors and blunders, may be admitted. But, after every deduction from the merits of his work is made which justice demands, there wiU still remain to Lachmann the high praise of having been the first to apply to the editing of the Greek N. T. those sound prin- ciples of textual criticism which can alone secure a cor- rect and trust^^•orthy text. In this he followed, to a considerable extent, the counsel of the illustrious Bent- ley, uttered more than a century before (whence some, who sought to discredit his efforts, unworthily mocked him as ' Simla Bentleii') ; but he owed nothing to Bent- ley beyond the suggestion of the principles he has fol- lowed ; and he possessed and has ably used materials •which in Bentley's time were not to be had." (Comp. Lachmann's exposition of his principles in Studien iind Kritiken, 1830, p. 817-845; also a revie-\v of Scrivener's {^Collation of the Gospels, Cambr. 1853, 8vo] strictures on Lachmann's edition of the N.-T. writings in Kitto, Joitrn. /Sac. Lit. 1853, July, \). 3G5 sq.) See Hertz, Lach- mann; eine Bio(/raphie (Berlin, 1851, 8vo); Tregelles, Printed Text of the Greek N. T. p. 97 sq. ; Hoefer, Notiv, Biofj. Generale, xxviii, 532; Pierer, Univei'sal Lexikon, ix, 954. See Criticism, Biblical.
Laconibe, Pkri:, a celeljrated Roman Catholic mo- nastic, a native of Savoy, floimshed in the second half of the 17th century, first as the spiritual adviser and confessor of jNIadame (iuyon. and afterwards as a zeal- ous follower of the eminent French female Jlystic. In 1G87, when the Quietism of IMolinos, which Lacombe ardently espoused, was condemned, pere Lacombe was imprisoned, and he died in prison in 1G99. During liis imprisonment he became very much depressed in mind, and finally lost liis reason. This gave rise to the state- ment made in our vol. iii, p. 1(»39, that •' he died in a mad- house." His relation with JNIadame Guyon had been very intimate, and this was quite natural when we con- sider that the former confessor became an ardent follow- er of JIadame, and no doubt the scandal to which their associations had given rise, as well as the imprisonment, made Lacombe a great sufferer in his last days. He wrote .1 nali/se de I'oraison mentale, which in 1688 was forbidden. See (h-vox. (J.H.W.)
Lacombe, Dominique, a French prelate of note, was born at Montrejean (Haute Garomie) July 25, 1749,
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and v:m educated in the college at Tarbes, ■which he en- tered iu 1766. In 1788 he became rector of a college at Bordeaux, but energetically embracing the principles of the Kevolution in 1789, he solemnly declared in favor of separation of Cluircli and State, and was elected in con- sequence curate of St. I'aul at Bordeaux, Sent to the Assembly, he took quite a prominent part in politics until the decretal proliibiting all ecclesiastical ckess was published (April 7, 1792), when he forthwitli ceased his service to the state, and returned to Bordeaux to assume tlie duties of Ids ecclesiastical functions. In 1797 he was elected metropolitan of Bordeaux, and in 1802 was one of the twelve bishops nominated by the emperor Napoleon, as whose zealous partisan Lacombe is known after his deviation to the episcopacy of Angoideme. He died April 7, 1823. See Annales de la Reli(jion, xv, 134 ; Iloefer, Nour. Biog. Gmerale, xxviii, 541.
Lacordaire, Jean Baptiste Hexki, a noted Ro- man ( 'atholic theologian of this century, the reviver of the Dominican order, and a most distinguished pidpit orator of modern France, was born at Itecey-sur-Ource, in the department Cote-d'Or, March 12, 1802. He Avas educated for the legal profession, first at Dijon, where he obtained the highest honors, and afterwards (1822) at Paris, and in 1824 he began practice as an advocate, and rose rapidly to distinction. Lacordaire was at this time, like most of the youth of France, a Deist of the Voltaire school, but Lamennais' Essai sur V indifference, which fell into his liands, decided the youthful lawyer to devote himself thereafter to the cause of the Christian religion, which he felt satisfied must form the basis of all social life. He immediately abandoned his profes- sion, and entered tlie College of St. Sulpice, and in 1827 received holy orders. IMontalembert, Lacordaire's bi- ograjiher, however, would have us believe tliat this sud- den change from atheism to orthodox Christianity "was due to no man and to no book, but solely to a sudden impulse of grace, which opened his eyes to the sin and folly of irreligion." Shortly after his ordination he was offered the position of auditor of the rota at the court of Home, an office which at once confers the title of monsignore, and is always a step to the episcopate, and often to a cardinal's hat ; but he declined it peremptorily. His first appointment was that of almoner in the Col- lege of Juilly, also known as the College of Henry IV. Here he became personally acquainted with the abbe Lamennais, and speedily the youthful priest and the learned theologian formed a close and intimate alliance, which was interrupted only by the departure of Lamen- nais from the Cliurch in 1833. One of the first, and perhaps most important, results of the friendly alliance of these three men was the establishment, after the July revolution of 1830, of the Journal L'A venir, " an organ at once of the highest Church principles and of the most extreme radicalism." See Lamennais. Count IMontalembert has furnished us a life-like portrait of Lacordaire at this time; and, although much allowance must be made for the passionate exclamations of a friend, it deserves at least our notice. " It was in No- vember, 1830, that I saw him for the first time in the cabinet of the abbii Lamennais, four months after a rev- olution wliich had appeared for a moment to confound in a common ruin the throne and the altar, and one month after the establishment of the Journal L' A renir. That journal liad for its motto ' God and Liberty P It was tlie intention of the founders that it shoidd regen- erate Catholic opinion in France, and seal its union with