phers boast are but falsehoods. True virtue is undeni- ably above worldly desires — it is the chief requisite of happiness ; but it must be Christian virtue, not that of the philosophers. Among his works are to be noticed Ek(jantiai Latini sermonis (Venice, 1471, G vols. fol. ; Par, 1575, 4to) : — Be libera arbitrio : — Be volitptdti' ac de vera bono libriiii: — Fuhulm et facetia ; and especiallv the above Be falsa credita et ementita Constantini dunatione declamutio. His collected works were published at Basle in 1540, folio, and at Venice in 1592. See H. Kitter, Geschichte d. Christl. Pltilasap/ne, v, 243-261 ; Herzog, Real-EncyUop. viii, 232, 233 ; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen- Lex. vi, oOG.
Lauria, FnAxcis Laurext Brancate de, an Ital- ian theologian, was born at Lauria, in the kingdom of Naples, in IGll. He joined the Franciscans, was made cardinal by Innocent XI in 1GS7, and died at Kome Nov. 30, 1G93. He MTote commentaries on the four books of Scot's sentences (8 vols, folio) : — Bevata luudis ad sanctissiniam Trinitatem Oratio (Rome, 1C95, 12mo) : — Be Pra'destinatione et Beprobatinne (Rome, 1G88, 4to; Kouen, 1715). In this last work he defended Augus- tine's doctrine on grace against the Molinists and Jan- senists. See Perennes, Biograjjhie Chretienne et Anti- Chretienne; Joannes a Sancto-Antomo, Biblioth. Fran- ciscana. — Hoefer, Nauv. Biorj. Gen. xxix, 939. (.1. N. P.)
Laurie, James, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, was born Feb. 11, 1778, in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he also received his education. He was licensed in 1800, and continued to preach in his native country for two years, after which he came to America, having been pre- viously ordained. In 1803 he was installed pastor of the Associate Reformed Congregation, and was instrumen- tal in the establishment of the first place of Protestant worship in Washington, D. C. He Avas employed also during his ministry as a clerk in the register's office of the Treasur\^ He died April 18, 1853. He published A Sermon. — Sprague, -4 ?!««/.<, iv, 314.
Lavacrum. See Font ; Lavatory.
Laval, FRANfjOis de Montmokexcy, a noted prel- ate of the Roman Catholic Church, was born at Laval, France, INIarch 23, 1G22, and early decided for the priest- hood. He was ordained priest at Paris Sept. 23, 1G45; became archdeacon of Evreux in 1G53, and bishop of Petrea and vicar apostolic of New France in 1G58. In the year following he went to Quebec ami assumed the government of that see ; while there, founded the Semi- nary of Quebec in 1GG3, and in IGGG consecrated the pa- rochial church of Quebec. He returned to France in 1674. In 1688, however, he returned again, and retired to the seminary he had founded, and to this school made over all his private possessions. He died at (Quebec May 6, 1708. Laval is said to have exercised as pow- erful an influence over the civil as he did over the ec- clesiastical affairs of the colony. See Y>ra.kQ, Bictionary of Amiriran Jiiorjrajihy, s. v.
Lavalette, Anthony de, a French Jesuit, who be- came the iiulircct cause of the suppression of his order in France in 17G4, was born near Valbres Oct. 21, 1707. He entered the society at Toulouse Oct. 10, 1725; was for a time professor at Puy and Rodez, and ^^■as ordained priest in 1740. In 1741 he went to 3Iartini<iue, where he had at first the care of a parish ; then became admin- istrator of the mission, and was intrusted with aU its temporal concerns. Appointed general of tlie Jesuits' mission in South America in 1754, he indulged in wild commercial speculations for the purpose of cancelling the debts of the mission, but they all failed; he became bankrupt, ami bad to leave the country. He retired to England, was disowned by the society, and died some time after 17G2. Tlie society was sued by his creditors, but declined any responsibility for his engagements con- tracted without the consent or knowledge of his superi- ors; the (luestion was referred to Parliament, which de- cided against the Jesuits. The sums claimed amounted to five million francs. On the 8th of May, 17G1, the Jes-
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uits were condc.nned to pay the whole amount and costs; and on Aug. G, 17G1, their institution itself was attacked as illegal, and as contrary to the interest of the country. This linally led to the suppression of the order in France by an edict of Nov. 1764. See Seuac de Meilhan, De la Destruction des Jesuites en France, in itie.' Melanfjes d'llis- toire et de Litterature, published by Crawford, and in the appendix to the Memoires de Mme. du Iluusset ; Kanke, Hist, of the Papacy, ii, 296 sq. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Ge- nerale, xxix, 973.