In 1871 the principality numbered about 2700 Roman Catholics, 6500 Lutherans, 1150 Israelites; the remain- der belonged to the Reformed Church. The latter is divided into three classes, at the head of each of which is a superintendent; at the head of the whfile clergy is a superintendent general at Detmold. The supreme ecclesiastical board for both Reformed and Lutherans is the consistory at Detmold. The principality has 43 Re- formed, 5 Lutheran, and 6 Catholic parishes ; the Cath- olics belong to the diocese of Paderborn, in Westphalia. See llerzoi^,Real-]'Mcyklojmdie,\in,'i2'&\ Falkmann und Preuss, LippescJie Regesten (Lemgo, 1860-63, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Falkmann, Eeitrage ziir Gesch. tier Fiirstenth. (ibid. 1847 -56) ; and his Graf Simon VI zur Lijtpe (Detm. 1869, vol,i). (A.J.S.)
Lippomani, Aloysius {or Ludovicus), horn in Yen- ice in 1500, was alike renowned for his historical and linguistic learning and for the purity of his life. He was in turn bishop of IModena, Yerona, and Bergamo, He was active in securing the pope's assent to the transfer of the Tridentine Council to Bologna ; was for two years after the interruption of the council pajial nuncio in Germany, and in 1549 one of the tliree pres- idents of the council. In Poland the Reformation had made great advances through the influence of the Huss- ites and of the Bohemian Brethren, as also through the Socinian movement. At the national Diet of Pet- rikau in 1550, 1551, and especially 1555, the preroga- tives of the Catholic bishops Avere, through special in- fluence of the king, Sigismund II, greatly diminished, and the Protestant theologians — such as Calvin, Me- lancthon, Bcza — were recognised as important authori- ties in matters of faith. The Confession of Hosius, adopted in a provincial synod at Petrikau, obtained great acceptance with the people. Liiipomani was specially commissioned by iiope Paul l\, in 1556, as nuncio in Poland, to exert himself against this rapid progress of reform. His efforts made him peculiarly obnoxious to the adherents of Protestantism, but were without marked success. He died as bishop of Bergamo in August, 1559. He wrote commentaries on Genesis, Exodus, and the Psalms, but they are of no special value to the exegetist of to-day. See A\'etzer u. Welte, /ur- chen-Lexikon, s. v. ; Krasinski, Hist. Sketch of the Refor- mation in roland, vol. i, chap. vi. (E. B. O.)
Lipscomb, Philip D., a Methodist Episcopal min- ister, was born in Georgetown, D. C, in October, 1798.
LIPSIUS
451
LITANY
He was converted probably in early life, and joined the Baltimore Conference in lS-22. Among his brethren in Conference assembled he was pleasant, cattentive to bus- iness, safe in council. ^He v/as many years one of the stewards of the Conference. He was also for a time treasurer of the Preachers' Fund Society. A number of the years of his mmistry were given to the service of the American Colonization Society, and from that work he retired in 18G3 to a place on the superannuated list. A minister of this Conference, who knew him long and intimately, says, '• His life was beautiful in its consist- ency." lie died in January, 1870.— 6'o«/. Minutes, 1871. Lipsius.-JrsTus, a Iloman Catholic, renowned as a scholar in the 16th century, was born near Brussels in 1547. His talent was precocious, and he edited his Va- rue lecfiones at the age of 19. He was secretary to cardinal Granville about this time (1572-74). Later, as professor of history at Jena, he became a Protestant, and remained such for 13 years while professor of an- cient languages at Leyden, but subsequently he returned to the Roman Catholic Church, and was made professor at Louvain (1602). He died March 23, IGOG, holding at that time the appointment of historiographer to the king of Spain. His scholarship was honored by the pope and at several European courts. He distinguished himself especially by his commentary upon Tacitus, whose works he could repeat word for word, and by his enthusiastic regard for the stoical philosophy. He wrote De Con- stimtia manudiictia ad philosojjhiam Stoicam: — Pfi)/si- olof/iie Stoicorum Hbri tres (new edit. Antv. 1605, fol.) : — also De una relirjioiie, etc. His works were collected under the title Opera Omnia (Antv. 1585 ; 2d edit. ] 637). See Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, vol. ii, s. v. ; Theol. Univ. Lex. (Elberf. 1860), vol. i, s. v.
Iiiptines or Lestines, Synod of {Concilium Lip- tincnsc). This synod was held at Liptinil or Lestines, near the convent of Laubcs, in Hennegau, in 743, by order of Carloman, Bonifacius presiding. Four canons ■were published. The bishops, earls, and governors prom- ised in this council to observe the decrees of the Coun- cil of Germany (A.D. 742). All the clergy, moreover, promised obedience to the ancient canons-, the abbots and monks received the order of St. Benedict, and a part of the revenue of the Church was assigned for a time to the prince, to enable him to carry on the wars then raging. (J. N. P.)
Liquor ("^'n, de'ma, a tear, fig. of the juice of olives and grapes, Exod. xxii, 29 ; jtp, me'zeg, mixed, i. e. high- ly flavored wine, Cant, vii, 3 ; iTTJ"a, mishrah', macera- tion, i. e. drink prepared by steepuig grapes, Numb, vi, 3). See Wine.
Lismaniui, Fuancis, a Socinian theologian, was born at Corfu in the beginning of the IGth century. He studied in Italy, joined the Franciscans, and a few years after became doctor of theology ; removed to Po- land, and was appointed by queen Bona, \vife of Sigis- mund I, her preacher and confessor. He became also superior of the Franciscans of Poland, director of all the convents of the nuns of St. Clara, etc. The society of Andrew Frlcesio and the reading of Ochin's works led him to question the authority of the Roman Church, yet he was not displaced on account of it, but continued in favor with the quoen, and was sent by her to Rome, in 1549, to congratulate Julius HI on his election as pope. On his return to Poland in 1551, Lismanini be- came acquainted with Socinius, and it is this association that no doubt gave rise to the mission with which he was intrusted by the king of Poland, ostensibly for the purpose of collecting works for the royal library, but in reality to study the position of the Reformation, and to report concerning it. Lismanini accordingly visited Padua, :\Iilan, and Switzerland, where he finally left his order, embraced the Helvetic confession, and married. The king, fearing to be compromised by this overt act, broke all connection with him, ceased to supply him