Lovejoy, O'wen, a Congregational minister, broth- er of the preceding, was born at Albion, Maine, in 1811. From 1836 to 185-1: he was minister in charge of a Con- gregational Church at Princeton, 111. He was elected a member of Congress by the Repubhcans of the third district of lUinois in 1856 ; was re-elected in 1858, 1860, and 1862, and is included among the eminent opponents of the slave power. He died at Brooklyn, New York, in March, 1864.
Lovejoy, Theodore A., a Methodist preacher, was born at Stratford, Conn., Feb. 18, 1821 ; was convert- ed in Brooklj'n, N. Y., in 1842, and soon after joined the jNIethodlst Episcopal Church. In 1847 he joined the New York East Conference, remaining a faithful and valued member of the same till his death, at Watertown, Conn., June 7, 1867. See W. C. Smith, Sacred Memo- ries (New York, 1870), p. 301.
Loveys, John, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Devon County, England, May 7, 1804 ; was con- firmed in the Church of England in his youth ; in 1825 was converted, and united with the Wesleyan IMetho- dists; emigrated to America in 1829; spent one year at Cazenovia Seminary, N. Y., and in 1830 entered the Black River Conference. In 1834 he was stationed at Ogdensburg; in 1836 was made presiding elder on Pots- dam District ; then preached at Oswego (1839), and va- rious other appointments, until his death, Aug. 30, 1849. He was a valuable preacher, clear, original, vigorous, and devout ; an " excellent economist," a " diligent stu- dent," and a man of large spirit and liberal influence. — 3finutes of Conferences, iv, 474; Black River Conference Memorial, p. 249.
Lo^w Churchmen, a name for persons who, though attached to the system of government maintained in the Church of England, or in the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, as " the Church," yet con- sider that the ministrations of other churches are not to be disregarded. See Latitudinarians. The term was primarily applied to those who disapproved of the schism made by the Non-jurors, and who distinguished themselves by their moderation towards Dissenters. — Farrar, Eccles. Diet. s. v. See Ritualisji.
LoTve, ben-Bezalel, a rabbi and Jewish teacher of note, was born probably in Posen about 1525. Of his early history but httle is authenticated. We find him first occupying a position of influence and prominence at Prague, where he was best known as " the learned Rabbi Lowe," towards the close of the 16th centiury (1573), Previous to his coming to Prague he had been
LOWE
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LOWISOHN
rabbi over a congregation in INIoravia for some twenty years. In 1583 he was elected chief rabbi of the Jews in the Bohemian capital. In 1592 he became chief rabbi of Posen and Poland ; he returned, however, in 15'.1o to Prague, and there died in 1G09. He left nineteen different works, of which several are yet in manuscript in the library of the University of Oxford, England. Be- sides his great Talmudical knowledge, which made him (ine of the first authorities of his time, he also enjoyed a great reputation as mathematician and philosopher. He seems to have also possessed great knowledge of as- tronomy and astrology, the favorite studies of the age. He was befriended by the renowned Tycho Brahe, as- tronomer at the court of tlie emperor Kiidolph II; and the latter also, it is said, honored the rabbi, and at one time admitted him to a prolonged audience ; indeed, it is a well-established fact that his extended knowledge and unblemished character secured for himself and the Jews of his time happier days, and, like a sunbeam in tlie midst of dark clouds, appears the short period in which he officiated as rabbi in the sad history of the Jewish congregation of Prague. He was opposed to the miscientific manner in which the Talmud was studied, by hunting after imaginary contradictions and difficul- ties (Pilpul), and he called into existence new societies lor a more scientific study of the same. In connection with his son-in-law, rabbi Chayim Wahle, he founded a seminary for Talmudical studies. The rabbi's knowl- edge of natural philosophy caused him frequently to make experiments, which gave birth to many legends, as the ignorant saw in them tlie supernatural power of the Cabahst. A Christian Bohemian historian claims for the rabbi the honor of inventing the camera-obscu- ra. ^ee.Gr».iz,Gesch.d.Juden,ix,A'iQ s(\.\ Sekles, /Some Jewish Rubhis (v), in the Jewish Messenger (N. Y. 1871) ; FUrst, Biblioth. Judaicu, ii, 266 sq. (J. H. W.)
Lowe, Joel, bex-Jehi'daii Loeb (also called Bril, b"-n3, from the initials n^b T\'-i^'^\•^ in"! '11, ben-Ji. Jehiidiih Loeb), a Jewish writer of note, born about 17-10, was a distinguished disciple of Moses Jlendels- sohn, and afterwards, although a Jew, held a profess- orship in the William's school at Breslau. He died in that city, February 11, 1802. Besides many valua- ble contributions to Biblical exegesis and literature in the Berlin Magazine for the Advancement of Jewish Scholarship, entitled Meassef or Summler (Collector), of which he was at one time also editor, he published (1) Conimentcwy on the Song of Songs, viiih. an elabo- rate Introduction, written conjointly with Wolfssohn, to Mendelssohn's German translation of this book (Ber- lin, 1788; republished in Prague, 1803 ; Lemberg, 1817) : — (2) Annotations on Ecclesiastes, also conjointly with "Wolfssohn, published with Mendelssohn's commentary on this book, and Friedliinders' German translation (Ber- lin, 1788): — (3) Commentary on Jonah, with, a (jerman translation (Berl. 1788) : — (4) Commentary on the Psalms, with an extensive introduction (bxT^'^ nili^T 11N2 D"), containing an elaborate treatise on the musical instruments of the ancient Hebrews, as weU as on He- brew Poetry; publislied with Mendelssohn's German translation of this book (Berlin, 1785-91) :— (5) German Translation and Jfcb. Commentary on the Sabbatic and Festival Lessons J'rom the Pentateuch and the Prophets [see IlAi-nTAKAii] (Berl. 1790-91):— (6) German Truns- liliaa of the Pentateuch for beginners, preparatorj' to jNIendelssohn's version (Breslau. 1818) :— (7) Elementary Ifebrew Grammar, entitled ')Vwbn ^II^S", according to logical principles, for the use of teachers (Berlin, 1794; republished in Prague, 1803). Of his articles published in ([uarterlies, the following are the most important: 1. Notes on Joshua and the Song of Songs, in Eichhorn's Allgemeine Bibliothek (Leips. 1789), ii, 183 sq. : — 2. Trea- tise (Oi Personification of the Jkity and the Sephiroth. ibid. (Leiiis. 1793), v, 378 sq. See Fiirst, Biblioth. I/ibniica, ii, 268; Hteinschne'idtiT, Cat(d(igus Libr. Hebr. in Bihli- otheca Bodleiana, col. 1627 S(i. ; Kitto, Cyclopioedia of